Unravelling heterogeneous malaria transmission dynamics in the Peruvian Amazon: insights from a cross-sectional survey.

Autor: Pinedo-Cancino V; Laboratorio de Investigación de Productos Naturales Antiparasitarios de la Amazonía (LIPNAA), Centro de Investigaciones de Recursos Naturales de la UNAP (CIRNA), Universidad Nacional de la Amazonía Peruana (UNAP), Iquitos, Peru. viviana.pinedo@unapiquitos.edu.pe.; Facultad de Medicina Humana, Universidad Nacional de la Amazonía Peruana (UNAP), Iquitos, Peru. viviana.pinedo@unapiquitos.edu.pe.; School of Medicine, Universidad Continental, Huancayo, Peru. viviana.pinedo@unapiquitos.edu.pe.; Facultad de Medicina Humana, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia (UPCH), Lima, Peru. viviana.pinedo@unapiquitos.edu.pe., Arista KM; Laboratorio de Investigación de Productos Naturales Antiparasitarios de la Amazonía (LIPNAA), Centro de Investigaciones de Recursos Naturales de la UNAP (CIRNA), Universidad Nacional de la Amazonía Peruana (UNAP), Iquitos, Peru., Baldeviano GC; U.S. Naval Medical Research Unit SOUTH (NAMRU SOUTH), Bellavista, Callao, Peru.; Bluebird Bio, Inc., Somerville, MA, USA., Saavedra-Langer R; Laboratorio de Investigación de Productos Naturales Antiparasitarios de la Amazonía (LIPNAA), Centro de Investigaciones de Recursos Naturales de la UNAP (CIRNA), Universidad Nacional de la Amazonía Peruana (UNAP), Iquitos, Peru.; Departamento de Bioquímica E Inmunología, Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil., Arana A; Laboratorio de Investigación de Productos Naturales Antiparasitarios de la Amazonía (LIPNAA), Centro de Investigaciones de Recursos Naturales de la UNAP (CIRNA), Universidad Nacional de la Amazonía Peruana (UNAP), Iquitos, Peru., Vásquez-Chasnamote ME; Laboratorio de Investigación de Productos Naturales Antiparasitarios de la Amazonía (LIPNAA), Centro de Investigaciones de Recursos Naturales de la UNAP (CIRNA), Universidad Nacional de la Amazonía Peruana (UNAP), Iquitos, Peru., Valle-Campos A; Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos (UNMSM), Lima, Peru., Castro JC; Unidad Especializada del Laboratorio de Investigación en Biotecnología, Centro de Investigaciones de Recursos Naturales de la UNAP (CIRNA), Universidad Nacional de la Amazonía Peruana (UNAP), Iquitos, Peru.; Departamento Académico de Ciencias Biomédicas y Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional de la Amazonía Peruana (UNAP), Iquitos, Peru., Ventocilla JA; Vysnova Partners Inc., Rockville, MD, USA., Smith ES; Facultad de Medicina Humana, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia (UPCH), Lima, Peru., Lescano AG; U.S. Naval Medical Research Unit SOUTH (NAMRU SOUTH), Bellavista, Callao, Peru.; Clima, Latin American Center of Excellence for Climate Change and Health, and Emerge, Emerging Diseases and Climate Change Research Unit, School of Public Health and Administration, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia (UPCH), Lima, Peru., Ruíz-Mesia L; Laboratorio de Investigación de Productos Naturales Antiparasitarios de la Amazonía (LIPNAA), Centro de Investigaciones de Recursos Naturales de la UNAP (CIRNA), Universidad Nacional de la Amazonía Peruana (UNAP), Iquitos, Peru.; Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Nacional de la Amazonía Peruana (UNAP), Iquitos, Peru.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Malaria journal [Malar J] 2024 Jul 15; Vol. 23 (1), pp. 209. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Jul 15.
DOI: 10.1186/s12936-024-05032-8
Abstrakt: Background: Malaria remains a global health challenge, particularly in Peru's Loreto region. Despite ongoing efforts, high infection rates and asymptomatic cases perpetuate transmission. The Peruvian Ministry of Health's "Zero Malaria Plan" targets elimination. This novel study combines microscopic, molecular, and serological techniques to assess transmission intensity, identify epidemiological risk factors, and characterize species-specific patterns across villages. The findings aim to inform targeted interventions and support broader malaria elimination efforts in line with the Zero Malaria Plan initiative.
Methods: A cross-sectional malaria survey was conducted in the Zungarococha community, comprising the villages Llanchama (LL), Ninarumi (NI), Puerto Almendra (PA), and Zungarococha (ZG), using microscopic, molecular, and serological techniques to evaluate malaria transmission intensity. Statistical analysis, including multivariate-adjusted analysis, seroprevalence curves, and spatial clustering analysis, were performed to assess malaria prevalence, exposure, and risk factors.
Results: The survey revealed a high prevalence of asymptomatic infections (6% by microscopy and 18% by PCR), indicating that molecular methods are more sensitive for detecting asymptomatic infections. Seroprevalence varied significantly between villages, reflecting the heterogeneous malaria transmission dynamics. Multivariate analysis identified age, village, and limited bed net use as significant risk factors for malaria infection and species-specific exposure. Seroprevalence curves demonstrated community-specific patterns, with Llanchama and Puerto Almendra showing the highest seroconversion rates for both Plasmodium species.
Conclusions: The study highlights the diverse nature of malaria transmission in the Loreto region, particularly nothing the pronounced heterogeneity as transmission rates decline, especially in residual malaria scenarios. The use of molecular and serological techniques enhances the detection of current infections and past exposure, aiding in the identification of epidemiological risk factors. These findings underscore the importance of using molecular and serological tools to characterize malaria transmission patterns in low-endemic areas, which is crucial for planning and implementing targeted interventions and elimination strategies. This is particularly relevant for initiatives like the Zero Malaria Plan in the Peruvian Amazon.
(© 2024. The Author(s).)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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