| Autor: |
Hansen ME; University of California Berkeley-University of California San Francisco Graduate Program in Bioengineering, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.; Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA., Ibrahim Y; Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.; Graduate Program in Biochemistry, Cell and Developmental Biology, Graduate Division of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA., Desai TA; University of California Berkeley-University of California San Francisco Graduate Program in Bioengineering, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.; Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.; School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA., Koval M; Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.; Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA. |
| Abstrakt: |
The ability to precisely treat human disease is facilitated by the sophisticated design of pharmacologic agents. Nanotechnology has emerged as a valuable approach to creating vehicles that can specifically target organ systems, effectively traverse epithelial barriers, and protect agents from premature degradation. In this review, we discuss the molecular basis for epithelial barrier function, focusing on tight junctions, and describe different pathways that drugs can use to cross barrier-forming tissue, including the paracellular route and transcytosis. Unique features of drug delivery applied to different organ systems are addressed: transdermal, ocular, pulmonary, and oral delivery. We also discuss how design elements of different nanoscale systems, such as composition and nanostructured architecture, can be used to specifically enhance transepithelial delivery. The ability to tailor nanoscale drug delivery vehicles to leverage epithelial barrier biology is an emerging theme in the pursuit of facilitating the efficacious delivery of pharmacologic agents. |
