| Autor: |
Doody NE; School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom.; School of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, United Kingdom., Smith NJ; School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom.; Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden., Akam EC; School of Sport, Exercise, and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom., Askew GN; School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom., Kwok JCF; School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom.; Institute of Experimental Medicine, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 4, Czech Republic., Ichiyama RM; School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom. |
| Abstrakt: |
Structural neuroplasticity such as neurite extension and dendritic spine dynamics is enhanced by brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and impaired by types of inhibitory molecules that induce growth cone collapse and actin depolymerization, for example, myelin-associated inhibitors, chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans, and negative guidance molecules. These inhibitory molecules can activate RhoA/rho-associated coiled-coil containing protein kinase (ROCK) signaling (known to restrict structural plasticity). Intermittent hypoxia (IH) and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) are known to upregulate BDNF that is associated with improvements in learning and memory and greater functional recovery following neural insults. We investigated whether the RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway is also modulated by IH and HIIT in the hippocampus, cortex, and lumbar spinal cord of male Wistar rats. The gene expression of 25 RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway components was determined following IH, HIIT, or IH combined with HIIT (30 min/day, 5 days/wk, 6 wk). IH included 10 3-min bouts that alternated between hypoxia (15% O 2 ) and normoxia. HIIT included 10 3-min bouts alternating between treadmill speeds of 50 cm·s -1 and 15 cm·s -1 . In the hippocampus, IH and HIIT significantly downregulated Acan and NgR2 mRNA that are involved in the inhibition of neuroplasticity. However, IH and IH + HIIT significantly upregulated Lingo-1 and NgR3 in the cortex. This is the first time IH and HIIT have been linked to the modulation of plasticity-inhibiting pathways. These results provide a fundamental step toward elucidating the interplay between the neurotrophic and inhibitory mechanisms involved in experience-driven neural plasticity that will aid in optimizing physiological interventions for the treatment of cognitive decline or neurorehabilitation. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Intermittent hypoxia (IH) and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) enhance neuroplasticity and upregulate neurotrophic factors in the central nervous system (CNS). We provide evidence that IH and IH + HIIT also have the capacity to regulate genes involved in the RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway that is known to restrict structural plasticity in the CNS. This provides a new mechanistic insight into how these interventions may enhance hippocampal-related plasticity and facilitate learning, memory, and neuroregeneration. |
