Long chikungunya? An overview to immunopathology of persistent arthralgia.

Autor:	Silveira-Freitas JEP; Campus Toledo, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Toledo, Paraná 85919-899, Brazil., Campagnolo ML; Campus Toledo, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Toledo, Paraná 85919-899, Brazil., Dos Santos Cortez M; Campus Toledo, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Toledo, Paraná 85919-899, Brazil., de Melo FF; Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Campus Anísio Teixeira, Vitória da Conquista, Bahia 45029-094, Brazil., Zarpelon-Schutz AC; Campus Toledo, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Toledo, Paraná 85919-899, Brazil.; Programa de Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia, Palotina, Universidade Federal do Paraná-Setor Palotina, Paraná 85950-000, Brazil., Teixeira KN; Campus Toledo, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Toledo, Paraná 85919-899, Brazil.; Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-graduação em Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Palotina, Universidade Federal do Paraná-Setor Palotina, Paraná 85950-000, Brazil. kadimateixeira@ufpr.br.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	World journal of virology [World J Virol] 2024 Jun 25; Vol. 13 (2), pp. 89985.
DOI:	10.5501/wjv.v13.i2.89985
Abstrakt:	Chikungunya fever (CF) is caused by an arbovirus whose manifestations are extremely diverse, and it has evolved with significant severity in recent years. The clinical signs triggered by the Chikungunya virus are similar to those of other arboviruses. Generally, fever starts abruptly and reaches high levels, followed by severe polyarthralgia and myalgia, as well as an erythematous or petechial maculopapular rash, varying in severity and extent. Around 40% to 60% of affected individuals report persistent arthralgia, which can last from months to years. The symptoms of CF mainly represent the tissue tropism of the virus rather than the immunopathogenesis triggered by the host's immune system. The main mechanisms associated with arthralgia have been linked to an increase in T helper type 17 cells and a consequent increase in receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-Β ligand and bone resorption. This review suggests that persistent arthralgia results from the presence of viral antigens post-infection and the constant activation of signaling lymphocytic activation molecule family member 7 in synovial macrophages, leading to local infiltration of CD4+ T cells, which sustains the inflammatory process in the joints through the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines. The term "long chikungunya" was used in this review to refer to persistent arthralgia since, due to its manifestation over long periods after the end of the viral infection, this clinical condition seems to be characterized more as a sequel than as a symptom, given that there is no active infection involved. Competing Interests: Conflict-of-interest statement: Authors declare no conflict of interests for this article. (©The Author(s) 2024. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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