Unsupervised denoising of the non-invasive fetal electrocardiogram with sparse domain Kalman filtering and vectorcardiographic loop alignment.

Autor:	de Vries IR; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Máxima Medical Centre, Veldhoven, The Netherlands.; Department of Electrical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands., van Laar JOEH; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Máxima Medical Centre, Veldhoven, The Netherlands.; Department of Electrical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands., van der Hout-van der Jagt MB; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Máxima Medical Centre, Veldhoven, The Netherlands.; Department of Electrical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands., Vullings R; Department of Electrical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.; Nemo Healthcare BV, Veldhoven, The Netherlands.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Physiological measurement [Physiol Meas] 2024 Jul 17; Vol. 45 (7). Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Jul 17.
DOI:	10.1088/1361-6579/ad605c
Abstrakt:	Objective. Even though the electrocardiogram (ECG) has potential to be used as a monitoring or diagnostic tool for fetuses, the use of non-invasive fetal ECG is complicated by relatively high amounts of noise and fetal movement during the measurement. Moreover, machine learning-based solutions to this problem struggle with the lack of clean reference data, which is difficult to obtain. To solve these problems, this work aims to incorporate fetal rotation correction with ECG denoising into a single unsupervised end-to-end trainable method. Approach. This method uses the vectorcardiogram (VCG), a three-dimensional representation of the ECG, as an input and extends the previously introduced Kalman-LISTA method with a Kalman filter for the estimation of fetal rotation, applying denoising to the rotation-corrected VCG. Main results. The resulting method was shown to outperform denoising auto-encoders by more than 3 dB while achieving a rotation tracking error of less than 33 ∘ . Furthermore, the method was shown to be robust to a difference in signal to noise ratio between electrocardiographic leads and different rotational velocities. Significance. This work presents a novel method for the denoising of non-invasive abdominal fetal ECG, which may be trained unsupervised and simultaneously incorporates fetal rotation correction. This method might prove clinically valuable due the denoised fetal ECG, but also due to the method's objective measure for fetal rotation, which in turn might have potential for early detection of fetal complications. (Creative Commons Attribution license.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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