Biomarkers of Parkinson's disease in perspective of early diagnosis and translation of neurotrophic therapies.

Autor: Tuominen RK; Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland., Renko JM; Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Basic & clinical pharmacology & toxicology [Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol] 2024 Sep; Vol. 135 (3), pp. 271-284. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Jul 08.
DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.14042
Abstrakt: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive loss of dopamine neurons and aberrant deposits of alpha-synuclein (α-syn) in the brain. The symptomatic treatment is started after the onset of motor manifestations in a late stage of the disease. Preclinical studies with neurotrophic factors (NTFs) show promising results of disease-modifying neuroprotective or even neurorestorative effects. Four NTFs have entered phase I-II clinical trials with inconclusive outcomes. This is not surprising because the preclinical evidence is from acute early-stage disease models, but the clinical trials included advanced PD patients. To conclude the value of NTF therapies, clinical studies should be performed in early-stage patients with prodromal symptoms, that is, before motor manifestations. In this review, we summarize currently available diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers that could help identify at-risk patients benefiting from NTF therapies. Focus is on biochemical and imaging biomarkers, but also other modalities are discussed. Neuroimaging is the most important diagnostic tool today, but α-syn imaging is not yet viable. Modern techniques allow measuring various forms of α-syn in cerebrospinal fluid, blood, saliva, and skin. Digital biomarkers and artificial intelligence offer new means for early diagnosis and longitudinal follow-up of degenerative brain diseases.
(© 2024 The Author(s). Basic & Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Nordic Association for the Publication of BCPT (former Nordic Pharmacological Society).)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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