Human cytomegalovirus microRNAs: strategies for immune evasion and viral latency.

Autor: Sabbaghian M; Department of Bacteriology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran., Gheitasi H; Department of Bacteriology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran., Fadaee M; Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran., Javadi Henafard H; Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary., Tavakoli A; Research Center of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Shekarchi AA; Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran., Poortahmasebi V; Department of Bacteriology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. poortahmasebiv@tbzmed.ac.ir.; Research Center for Clinical Virology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. poortahmasebiv@tbzmed.ac.ir.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Archives of virology [Arch Virol] 2024 Jul 06; Vol. 169 (8), pp. 157. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Jul 06.
DOI: 10.1007/s00705-024-06080-w
Abstrakt: Viruses use various strategies and mechanisms to deal with cells and proteins of the immune system that form a barrier against infection. One of these mechanisms is the encoding and production of viral microRNAs (miRNAs), whose function is to regulate the gene expression of the host cell and the virus, thus creating a suitable environment for survival and spreading viral infection. miRNAs are short, single-stranded, non-coding RNA molecules that can regulate the expression of host and viral proteins, and due to their non-immunogenic nature, they are not eliminated by the cells of the immune system. More than half of the viral miRNAs are encoded and produced by Orthoherpesviridae family members. Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) produces miRNAs that mediate various processes in infected cells to contribute to HCMV pathogenicity, including immune escape, viral latency, and cell apoptosis. Here, we discuss which cellular and viral proteins or cellular pathways and processes these mysterious molecules target to evade immunity and support viral latency in infected cells. We also discuss current evidence that their function of bypassing the host's innate and adaptive immune system is essential for the survival and multiplication of the virus and the spread of HCMV infection.
(© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Austria, part of Springer Nature.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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