High-income ZIP codes in New York City demonstrate higher case rates during off-peak COVID-19 waves.

Autor:	Tung STL; Noorda College of Osteopathic Medicine, Provo, UT, United States.; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States., Perveen MM; Kentucky College of Osteopathic Medicine, Pikeville, KY, United States., Wohlars KN; Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, United States.; Three Village Allergy & Asthma PLLC, South Setauket, NY, United States., Promisloff RA; Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States., Lee-Wong MF; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States.; Maimonides Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, United States., Szema AM; Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, United States.; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, United States.; Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, United States.; Department of Occupational Medicine, Epidemiology, and Prevention, International Center of Excellence in Deployment Health and Medical Geosciences, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, United States.; Department of Technology and Society, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Frontiers in public health [Front Public Health] 2024 Jun 20; Vol. 12, pp. 1384156. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Jun 20 (Print Publication: 2024).
DOI:	10.3389/fpubh.2024.1384156
Abstrakt:	Introduction: Our study explores how New York City (NYC) communities of various socioeconomic strata were uniquely impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: New York City ZIP codes were stratified into three bins by median income: high-income, middle-income, and low-income. Case, hospitalization, and death rates obtained from NYCHealth were compared for the period between March 2020 and April 2022. Results: COVID-19 transmission rates among high-income populations during off-peak waves were higher than transmission rates among low-income populations. Hospitalization rates among low-income populations were higher during off-peak waves despite a lower transmission rate. Death rates during both off-peak and peak waves were higher for low-income ZIP codes. Discussion: This study presents evidence that while high-income areas had higher transmission rates during off-peak periods, low-income areas suffered greater adverse outcomes in terms of hospitalization and death rates. The importance of this study is that it focuses on the social inequalities that were amplified by the pandemic. Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. (Copyright © 2024 Tung, Perveen, Wohlars, Promisloff, Lee-Wong and Szema.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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