Antiphospholipid Syndrome and Patent Foramen Ovale: A Case Report and Literature Review.

Autor:	Rocha M; Internal Medicine, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de São João, Porto, PRT., Correia FA; Internal Medicine, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de São João, Porto, PRT., Matos MI; Internal Medicine, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de São João, Porto, PRT., Madureira S; Internal Medicine, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de São João, Porto, PRT., Neves A; Internal Medicine, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de São João, Porto, PRT.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Cureus [Cureus] 2024 Jun 02; Vol. 16 (6), pp. e61539. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Jun 02 (Print Publication: 2024).
DOI:	10.7759/cureus.61539
Abstrakt:	Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is a systemic autoimmune disease characterized by arterial, venous, or microvascular thrombosis, pregnancy morbidity, or non-thrombotic manifestations in patients with persistent antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL). Catastrophic APS is a rare and severe form of APS that is defined by the presence of multiple vascular occlusive events. When a patent foramen ovale (PFO) is present, paradoxical embolization can occur, simultaneously leading to arterial and venous thrombosis. We present a complex clinical case of a patient who presented with multiple arterial and venous thrombotic events with positive aPL. The suspicion of catastrophic APS was removed when a PFO was found in a transesophageal echocardiogram, justifying paradoxical embolization. This emphasizes the importance of searching for PFO in patients with APS presenting with simultaneous venous and arterial thrombosis for management and prognosis purposes. Competing Interests: Human subjects: Consent was obtained or waived by all participants in this study. Conflicts of interest: In compliance with the ICMJE uniform disclosure form, all authors declare the following: Payment/services info: All authors have declared that no financial support was received from any organization for the submitted work. Financial relationships: All authors have declared that they have no financial relationships at present or within the previous three years with any organizations that might have an interest in the submitted work. Other relationships: All authors have declared that there are no other relationships or activities that could appear to have influenced the submitted work. (Copyright © 2024, Rocha et al.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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