Short term effect of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy and probiotic L. salivarius WB21 on halitosis: A controlled and randomized clinical trial.

Autor: Motta PB; Post Graduation Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), São Paulo, SP, Brazil., Gonçalves MLL; Post Graduation Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.; Post Graduation Program in Health and Environment, Universidade Metropolitana de Santos (UNIMES), Santos, SP, Brazil., Gallo JMAS; Post Graduation Program in Veterinary Medicine in The Coastal Environment, Universidade Metropolitana de Santos (UNIMES), Santos, SP, Brazil., Sobral APT; Post Graduation Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.; Post Graduation Program in Health and Environment, Universidade Metropolitana de Santos (UNIMES), Santos, SP, Brazil., Motta LJ; Post Graduation Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), São Paulo, SP, Brazil., Mayer MPA; Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade de São Universidade Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil., Kawamoto D; Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade de São Universidade Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil., de Andrade DC; School of Dentistry, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal., Santos EM; Post Graduation Program in Health and Environment, Universidade Metropolitana de Santos (UNIMES), Santos, SP, Brazil., Fernandes KPS; Post Graduation Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), São Paulo, SP, Brazil., Mesquita-Ferrari RA; Post Graduation Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), São Paulo, SP, Brazil., Deana AM; Post Graduation Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), São Paulo, SP, Brazil., Horliana ACRT; Post Graduation Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), São Paulo, SP, Brazil., Kalil Bussadori S; Post Graduation Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.; Dentistry College, Universidade Metropolitana de Santos (UNIMES), Santos, SP, Brazil.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: PloS one [PLoS One] 2024 Jul 02; Vol. 19 (7), pp. e0297351. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Jul 02 (Print Publication: 2024).
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0297351
Abstrakt: Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) and the use of probiotics on the treatment of halitosis.
Methods: Fifty-two participants, aged from 18 to 25 years, exhaling sulfhydride (H2S) ≥ 112 ppb were selected. They were allocated into 4 groups (n = 13): Group 1: tongue scraper; Group 2: treated once with aPDT; Group 3: probiotic capsule containing Lactobacillus salivarius WB21 (6.7 x 108 CFU) and xylitol (280mg), 3 times a day after meals, for 14 days; Group 4: treated once with aPDT and with the probiotic capsule for 14 days. Halimetry with gas chromatography (clinical evaluation) and microbiological samples were collected from the dorsum of the tongue before and after aPDT, as well as after 7, 14, and 30 days. The clinical data failed to follow a normal distribution; therefore, comparisons were made using the Kruskal-Wallis test (independent measures) and Friedman ANOVA (dependent measures) followed by appropriate posthoc tests, when necessary. For the microbiological data, seeing as the data failed to follow a normal distribution, the Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test was performed with Dunn's post-test. The significance level was α = 0.05.
Results: Clinical results (halimetry) showed an immediate significant reduction in halitosis with aPDT (p = 0.0008) and/or tongue scraper (p = 0.0006). Probiotics showed no difference in relation to the initial levels (p = 0.7530). No significant differences were found in the control appointments. The amount of Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, and Treponema denticola were not altered throughout the analysis (p = 0.1616, p = 0.2829 and p = 0.2882, respectively).
Conclusion: There was an immediate clinical reduction of halitosis with aPDT and tongue scraping, but there was no reduction in the number of bacteria throughout the study, or differences in the control times, both in the clinical and microbiological results. New clinical trials are necessary to better assess the tested therapies.
Trial Registration: Clinical Trials NCT03996044.
Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
(Copyright: © 2024 Motta et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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