Higher order affordances.

Autor: Stoffregen TA; School of Kinesiology and Center for Cognitive Sciences, University of Minnesota, 1900 University Ave. SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA. tas@umn.edu., Wagman JB; Department of Psychology, Illinois State University, Normal, IL, USA.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Psychonomic bulletin & review [Psychon Bull Rev] 2024 Jun 28. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Jun 28.
DOI: 10.3758/s13423-024-02535-y
Abstrakt: Affordances are opportunities for action for a given animal (or animals) in a given environment or situation. The concept of affordance has been widely adopted in the behavioral sciences, but important questions remain. We propose a new way of understanding the nature of affordances; in particular, how affordances are related to one another. We claim that many - perhaps most - affordances emerge from non-additive relations among other affordances, such that some affordances are of higher order relative to other affordances. That is, we propose that affordances form a continuous category of perceiveables that differ only in whether and how they relate to other affordances. We argue that: (1) opportunities for behaviors of all kinds can be described as affordances, (2) some affordances emerge from relations between animal and environment, whereas most affordances emerge from relations between other affordances, and (3) all affordances lawfully structure ambient energy arrays and, therefore, can be perceived directly. Our concept of higher order affordances provides a general account of behavioral phenomena that traditionally have been interpreted in terms of cognitive processes (e.g., remembering or imagining) as well as behavioral phenomena that have traditionally been interpreted in terms of cultural rules, such as conventions, or customs.
(© 2024. The Psychonomic Society, Inc.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
Externí odkaz: