Detection of SARS-CoV-2-Specific Secretory IgA and Neutralizing Antibodies in the Nasal Secretions of Exposed Seronegative Individuals.

Autor: Chwa JS; Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.; Division of Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA., Kim M; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA., Lee Y; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA., Cheng WA; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA., Shin Y; Division of Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA., Jumarang J; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA., Bender JM; Department of Pediatrics, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA., Pannaraj PS; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA.; Division of Infectious Diseases, Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA 92123, USA.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Viruses [Viruses] 2024 May 27; Vol. 16 (6). Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 May 27.
DOI: 10.3390/v16060852
Abstrakt: Mucosal immunity may contribute to clearing SARS-CoV-2 infection prior to systemic infection, thereby allowing hosts to remain seronegative. We describe the meaningful detection of SARS-CoV-2-specific nasal mucosal antibodies in a group of exposed-household individuals that evaded systemic infection. Between June 2020 and February 2023, nasopharyngeal swab (NPS) and acute and convalescent blood were collected from individuals exposed to a SARS-CoV-2-confirmed household member. Nasal secretory IgA (SIgA) antibodies targeting the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein were measured using a modified ELISA. Of the 36 exposed individuals without SARS-CoV-2 detected by the RT-PCR of NPS specimens and seronegative for SARS-CoV-2-specific IgG at enrollment and convalescence, 13 (36.1%) had positive SARS-CoV-2-specific SIgA levels detected in the nasal mucosa at enrollment. These individuals had significantly higher nasal SIgA (median 0.52 AU/mL) compared with never-exposed, never-infected controls (0.001 AU/mL) and infected-family participants (0.0002 AU/mL) during the acute visit, respectively (both p < 0.001). The nasal SARS-CoV-2-specific SIgA decreased rapidly over two weeks in the exposed seronegative individuals compared to a rise in SIgA in infected-family members. The nasal SARS-CoV-2-specific SIgA may have a protective role in preventing systemic infection.
Databáze: MEDLINE
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