Hemoglobin and Its Relationship with Fatigue in Long-COVID Patients Three to Six Months after SARS-CoV-2 Infection.

Autor:	Bazdar S; Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.; Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam UMC, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.; Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands., Bloemsma LD; Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.; Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam UMC, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.; Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands., Baalbaki N; Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.; Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam UMC, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.; Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands., Blankestijn JM; Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.; Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam UMC, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.; Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands., Cornelissen MEB; Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.; Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam UMC, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.; Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands., Beijers RJHCG; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nutrim Institute of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands., Sondermeijer BM; Department of Pulmonology, Spaarne Gasthuis, 2035 RC Haarlem, The Netherlands., van Wijck Y; Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.; Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam UMC, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.; Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands., Downward GS; Department of Environmental Epidemiology, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, 3584 CL Utrecht, The Netherlands.; Department of Global Public Health & Bioethics, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands., Maitland-van der Zee AH; Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.; Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam UMC, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.; Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Biomedicines [Biomedicines] 2024 Jun 01; Vol. 12 (6). Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Jun 01.
DOI:	10.3390/biomedicines12061234
Abstrakt:	Background: While some long-term effects of COVID-19 are respiratory in nature, a non-respiratory effect gaining attention has been a decline in hemoglobin, potentially mediated by inflammatory processes. In this study, we examined the correlations between hemoglobin levels and inflammatory biomarkers and evaluated the association between hemoglobin and fatigue in a cohort of Long-COVID patients. Methods: This prospective cohort study in the Netherlands evaluated 95 (mostly hospitalized) patients, aged 40-65 years, 3-6 months post SARS-CoV-2 infection, examining their venous hemoglobin concentration, anemia (hemoglobin < 7.5 mmol/L in women and <8.5 mmol/L in men), inflammatory blood biomarkers, average FSS (Fatigue Severity Score), demographics, and clinical features. Follow-up hemoglobin was compared against hemoglobin during acute infection. Spearman correlation was used for assessing the relationship between hemoglobin concentrations and inflammatory biomarkers, and the association between hemoglobin and fatigue was examined using logistic regression. Results: In total, 11 (16.4%) participants were suffering from anemia 3-6 months after SARS-CoV-2 infection. The mean hemoglobin value increased by 0.3 mmol/L 3-6 months after infection compared to the hemoglobin during the acute phase ( p -value = 0.003). Whilst logistic regression showed that a 1 mmol/L greater increase in hemoglobin is related to a decrease in experiencing fatigue in Long-COVID patients (adjusted OR 0.38 [95%CI 0.13-1.09]), we observed no correlations between hemoglobin and any of the inflammatory biomarkers examined. Conclusion: Our results indicate that hemoglobin impairment might play a role in developing Long-COVID fatigue. Further investigation is necessary to identify the precise mechanism causing hemoglobin alteration in these patients.
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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