Endogenous retroviruses in multiple sclerosis: A network-based etiopathogenic model.

Autor: Censi ST; Department of Neuroscience, Imaging, and Clinical Sciences, 'G. d'Annunzio' University, Chieti-Pescara, Italy; Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technologies (ITAB), 'G. d'Annunzio' University, Chieti-Pescara, Italy. Electronic address: stefano.censi@unich.it., Mariani-Costantini R; Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), 'G. d'Annunzio' University, Chieti-Pescara, Italy., Granzotto A; Department of Neuroscience, Imaging, and Clinical Sciences, 'G. d'Annunzio' University, Chieti-Pescara, Italy; Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), 'G. d'Annunzio' University, Chieti-Pescara, Italy., Tomassini V; Department of Neuroscience, Imaging, and Clinical Sciences, 'G. d'Annunzio' University, Chieti-Pescara, Italy; Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technologies (ITAB), 'G. d'Annunzio' University, Chieti-Pescara, Italy; Multiple Sclerosis Centre, Institute of Neurology, SS Annunziata Hospital, 'G. d'Annunzio' University, Chieti, Italy., Sensi SL; Department of Neuroscience, Imaging, and Clinical Sciences, 'G. d'Annunzio' University, Chieti-Pescara, Italy; Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technologies (ITAB), 'G. d'Annunzio' University, Chieti-Pescara, Italy; Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), 'G. d'Annunzio' University, Chieti-Pescara, Italy; Multiple Sclerosis Centre, Institute of Neurology, SS Annunziata Hospital, 'G. d'Annunzio' University, Chieti, Italy. Electronic address: ssensi@uci.edu.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Ageing research reviews [Ageing Res Rev] 2024 Aug; Vol. 99, pp. 102392. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Jun 24.
DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102392
Abstrakt: The present perspective article proposes an etiopathological model for multiple sclerosis pathogenesis and progression associated with the activation of human endogenous retroviruses. We reviewed preclinical, clinical, epidemiological, and evolutionary evidence indicating how the complex, multi-level interplay of genetic traits and environmental factors contributes to multiple sclerosis. We propose that endogenous retroviruses transactivation acts as a critical node in disease development. We also discuss the rationale for combined anti-retroviral therapy in multiple sclerosis as a disease-modifying therapeutic strategy. Finally, we propose that the immuno-pathogenic process triggered by endogenous retrovirus activation can be extended to aging and aging-related neurodegeneration. In this regard, endogenous retroviruses can be envisioned to act as epigenetic noise, favoring the proliferation of disorganized cellular subpopulations and accelerating system-specific "aging". Since inflammation and aging are two sides of the same coin (plastic dis-adaptation to external stimuli with system-specific degree of freedom), the two conditions may be epiphenomenal products of increased epigenomic entropy. Inflammation accelerates organ-specific aging, disrupting communication throughout critical systems of the body and producing symptoms. Overlapping neurological symptoms and syndromes may emerge from the activity of shared molecular networks that respond to endogenous retroviruses' reactivation.
Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: Renato Mariani-Costantini is supported by Research Grant IG 24501 from “Fondazione AIRC per la Ricerca sul Cancro”, viale Isonzo 25, 20135 Milano, Italy. Alberto Granzotto is supported by the Italian Ministry of University and Research (MUR; PRIN PNRR 2022 – P2022WPRKA). Valentina Tomassini has received honoraria, travel grants and research grant support from FISM, Italian Ministry of Health, Alexion, Roche, Merck, Biogen, Novartis, Viatris, Bristol Myers Squibb, Almirall, Horizon, Lundbeck, Sanofi, Janssen. Stefano L Sensi is supported by the Italian Ministry of Health, the AIR Alzh Onlus (ANCC-COOP, Stefano L Sensi), the Alzheimer’s Association - Part the Cloud: Translational Research Funding for Alzheimer’s Disease (18PTC-19–602,325, Stefano L Sensi) and the Alzheimer’s Association - GAAIN Exploration to Evaluate Novel Alzheimer’s Queries (GEENA-Q-19–596,282, Stefano L Sensi).
(Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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