Challenge accepted: Evolutionary lineages versus taxonomic classification of North American shrub willows (Salix).

Autor: Marinček P; Department of Systematics, Biodiversity and Evolution of Plants (with Herbarium), University of Goettingen, Untere Karspüle 2, D-37073, Göttingen, Germany., Léveillé-Bourret É; Institut de recherche en biologie végétale (IRBV), Département de sciences biologiques, Université de Montréal, 4101 Sherbrooke est, Montréal, H1X 2B2, QC, Canada., Heiduk F; Department of Systematics, Biodiversity and Evolution of Plants (with Herbarium), University of Goettingen, Untere Karspüle 2, D-37073, Göttingen, Germany., Leong J; Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Branisovska 31, 37005, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic.; Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branisovska 31, 37005, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic., Bailleul SM; Division recherche et développement scientifique, Jardin botanique de Montréal, 4101 Sherbrooke est, Montréal, H1X 2B2, QC, Canada., Volf M; Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Branisovska 31, 37005, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic.; Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branisovska 31, 37005, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic., Wagner ND; Department of Systematics, Biodiversity and Evolution of Plants (with Herbarium), University of Goettingen, Untere Karspüle 2, D-37073, Göttingen, Germany.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: American journal of botany [Am J Bot] 2024 Jul; Vol. 111 (7), pp. e16361. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Jun 25.
DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.16361
Abstrakt: Premise: The huge diversity of Salix subgenus Chamaetia/Vetrix clade in North America and the lack of phylogenetic resolution within this clade has presented a difficult but fascinating challenge for taxonomists to resolve. Here we tested the existing taxonomic classification with molecular tools.
Methods: In this study, 132 samples representing 46 species from 22 described sections of shrub willows from the United States and Canada were analyzed and combined with 67 samples from Eurasia. The ploidy levels of the samples were determined using flow cytometry and nQuire. Sequences were produced using a RAD sequencing approach and subsequently analyzed with ipyrad, then used for phylogenetic reconstructions (RAxML, SplitsTree), dating analyses (BEAST, SNAPPER), and character evolution analyses of 14 selected morphological traits (Mesquite).
Results: The RAD sequencing approach allowed the production of a well-resolved phylogeny of shrub willows. The resulting tree showed an exclusively North American (NA) clade in sister position to a Eurasian clade, which included some North American endemics. The NA clade began to diversify in the Miocene. Polyploid species appeared in each observed clade. Character evolution analyses revealed that adaptive traits such as habit and adaxial nectaries evolved multiple times independently.
Conclusions: The diversity in shrub willows was shaped by an evolutionary radiation in North America. Most species were monophyletic, but the existing sectional classification could not be supported by molecular data. Nevertheless, monophyletic lineages share several morphological characters, which might be useful in the revision of the taxonomic classification of shrub willows.
(© 2024 The Author(s). American Journal of Botany published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Botanical Society of America.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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