Low-cost, local production of a safe and effective disinfectant for resource-constrained communities.

Autor:	Naranjo-Soledad A; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America., Smesrud L; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America., Bandaru SRS; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America., Hernandez D; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America.; The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, United States of America., Mehare M; Department of Chemical and Nuclear Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America., Mahmoud S; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America., Matange V; VINYAS Architects, Urban Designers, Landscape Architects, Delhi, India., Rao B; Centre for Technology Alternatives for Rural Areas, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India., N C; Centre for Emerging Technologies for Sustainable Development, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India., Balcom P; Engineering R&D, Takataka Plastics, Gulu, Uganda.; Biosystems Engineering, Gulu University, Gulu, Uganda., Omole DO; Department of Civil Engineering, Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria.; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa., Álvarez-Mejía C; Department of Environmental Engineering, Tecnológico Nacional de México, ITS de Abasolo, Abasolo, Guanajuato, Mexico., López-Ramrez V; Department of Biochemical Engineering, Tecnológico Nacional de México/ITS de Irapuato, Irapuato, Guanajuato, Mexico., Gadgil A; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	PLOS global public health [PLOS Glob Public Health] 2024 Jun 25; Vol. 4 (6), pp. e0002213. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Jun 25 (Print Publication: 2024).
DOI:	10.1371/journal.pgph.0002213
Abstrakt:	Improved hygiene depends on the accessibility and availability of effective disinfectant solutions. These disinfectant solutions are unavailable to many communities worldwide due to resource limitations, among other constraints. Safe and effective chlorine-based disinfectants can be produced via simple electrolysis of salt water, providing a low-cost and reliable option for on-site, local production of disinfectant solutions to improve sanitation and hygiene. This study reports on a system (herein called "Electro-Clean") that can produce concentrated solutions of hypochlorous acid (HOCl) using readily available, low-cost materials. With just table salt, water, graphite welding rods, and a DC power supply, the Electro-Clean system can safely produce HOCl solutions (~1.5 liters) of up to 0.1% free chlorine (i.e.,1000 ppm) in less than two hours at low potential (5 V DC) and modest current (~5 A). Rigorous testing of free chlorine production and durability of the Electro-Clean system components, described here, has been verified to work in multiple locations around the world, including microbiological tests conducted in India and Mexico to confirm the biocidal efficacy of the Electro-Clean solution as a surface disinfectant. Cost estimates are provided for making HOCl locally with this method in the USA, India, and Mexico. Findings indicate that Electro-Clean is an affordable alternative to off-the-shelf commercial chlorinator systems in terms of first costs (or capital costs), and cost-competitive relative to the unit cost of the disinfectant produced. By minimizing dependence on supply chains and allowing for local production, the Electro-Clean system has the potential to improve public health by addressing the need for disinfectant solutions in resource-constrained communities. Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. (Copyright: © 2024 Naranjo-Soledad et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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