Vibrio cholerae O1 experiences mild bottlenecks through the gastrointestinal tract in some but not all cholera patients.

Autor:	Lypaczewski P; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada., Chac D; Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA., Dunmire CN; Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA., Tandoc KM; Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA., Chowdhury F; Infectious Diseases Division, International Center for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka., Khan AI; Infectious Diseases Division, International Center for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka., Bhuiyan TR; Infectious Diseases Division, International Center for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka., Harris JB; Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.; Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.; Division of Global Health, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Boston, Massachusetts, USA., LaRocque RC; Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA., Calderwood SB; Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA., Ryan ET; Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.; Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA., Qadri F; Infectious Diseases Division, International Center for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka., Shapiro BJ; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada., Weil AA; Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.; Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Microbiology spectrum [Microbiol Spectr] 2024 Aug 06; Vol. 12 (8), pp. e0078524. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Jun 25.
DOI:	10.1128/spectrum.00785-24
Abstrakt:	Vibrio cholerae O1 causes the diarrheal disease cholera, and the small intestine is the site of active infection. During cholera, cholera toxin is secreted from V. cholerae and induces a massive fluid influx into the small intestine, which causes vomiting and diarrhea. Typically, V. cholerae genomes are sequenced from bacteria passed in stool, but rarely from vomit, a fluid that may more closely represents the site of active infection. We hypothesized that V. cholerae O1 population bottlenecks along the gastrointestinal tract would result in reduced genetic variation in stool compared to vomit. To test this, we sequenced V. cholerae genomes from 10 cholera patients with paired vomit and stool samples. Genetic diversity was low in both vomit and stool, consistent with a single infecting population rather than coinfection with divergent V. cholerae O1 lineages. The amount of single-nucleotide variation decreased from vomit to stool in four patients, increased in two, and remained unchanged in four. The variation in gene presence/absence decreased between vomit and stool in eight patients and increased in two. Pangenome analysis of assembled short-read sequencing demonstrated that the toxin-coregulated pilus operon more frequently contained deletions in genomes from vomit compared to stool. However, these deletions were not detected by PCR or long-read sequencing, indicating that interpreting gene presence or absence patterns from short-read data alone may be incomplete. Overall, we found that V. cholerae O1 isolated from stool is genetically similar to V. cholerae recovered from the upper intestinal tract. Importance: Vibrio cholerae O1, the bacterium that causes cholera, is ingested in contaminated food or water and then colonizes the upper small intestine and is excreted in stool. Shed V. cholerae genomes from stool are usually studied, but V. cholerae isolated from vomit may be more representative of where V. cholerae colonizes in the upper intestinal epithelium. V. cholerae may experience bottlenecks, or large reductions in bacterial population sizes and genetic diversity, as it passes through the gut. Passage through the gut may select for distinct V. cholerae mutants that are adapted for survival and gut colonization. We did not find strong evidence for such adaptive mutations, and instead observed that passage through the gut results in modest reductions in V. cholerae genetic diversity, and only in some patients. These results fill a gap in our understanding of the V. cholerae life cycle, transmission, and evolution. Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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