Transcranial magnetic stimulation of primary motor cortex elicits an immediate transcranial evoked potential.

Autor: Beck MM; Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital - Amager and Hvidovre, Copenhagen, Denmark., Christiansen L; Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital - Amager and Hvidovre, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark., Madsen MAJ; Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital - Amager and Hvidovre, Copenhagen, Denmark., Jadidi AF; Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital - Amager and Hvidovre, Copenhagen, Denmark., Vinding MC; Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital - Amager and Hvidovre, Copenhagen, Denmark., Thielscher A; Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital - Amager and Hvidovre, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs Lyngby, Denmark., Bergmann TO; Neuroimaging Center (NIC), Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany; Leibniz Institute for Resilience Research, Mainz, Germany., Siebner HR; Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital - Amager and Hvidovre, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark., Tomasevic L; Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital - Amager and Hvidovre, Copenhagen, Denmark. Electronic address: leot@drcmr.dk.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Brain stimulation [Brain Stimul] 2024 Jul-Aug; Vol. 17 (4), pp. 802-812. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Jun 22.
DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2024.06.008
Abstrakt: Background: Transcranial evoked potentials (TEPs) measured via electroencephalography (EEG) are widely used to study the cortical responses to transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). Immediate transcranial evoked potentials (i-TEPs) have been obscured by pulse and muscular artifacts. Thus, the TEP peaks that are commonly reported have latencies that are too long to be caused by direct excitation of cortical neurons.
Methods: In 25 healthy individuals, we recorded i-TEPs evoked by a single biphasic TMS pulse targeting the primary motor hand area (M1 HAND ) or parietal or midline control sites. Sampling EEG at 50 kHz enabled us to reduce the duration of the TMS pulse artifact to a few milliseconds, while minor adjustments of the TMS coil tilt or position enabled us to avoid cranial muscular twitches during the experiment.
Results: We observed an early positive EEG deflection starting after approx. 2 ms followed by a series of superimposed peaks with an inter-peak interval of ∼1.1-1.4 ms in multiple electrodes surrounding the stimulated sensorimotor region. This multi-peak i-TEP response was only evoked by TMS of the M1 HAND region and was modified by changes in stimulation intensity and current direction.
Discussion: Single-pulse TMS of the M1 HAND evokes an immediate local multi-peak response at the cortical site of stimulation. Our results suggest that the observed i-TEP patterns are genuine cortical responses evoked by TMS caused by synchronized excitation of pyramidal neurons in the targeted precentral cortex. This notion needs to be corroborated in future studies, including further investigations into the potential contribution of instrumental or physiological artifacts.
Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest Hartwig R. Siebner has received honoraria as speaker from Lundbeck AS, Denmark, as ad-hoc consultant from Lundbeck AS, Denmark, and as editor (Neuroimage Clinical) from Elsevier Publishers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. He has received royalties as book editor from Springer Publishers, Stuttgart, Germany, Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK, and from Gyldendal Publishers, Copenhagen, Denmark. The other authors declare no conflict of interest.
(Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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