Potential exposure of honey bees to neonicotinoid seed treatments in US rice.

Autor:	Bateman NR; Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Rice Research and Extension Center, University of Arkansas, Stuttgart, AR, USA., Thrash BC; Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Lonoke Extension Center, University of Arkansas, Lonoke, AR, USA., Crow WD; Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology, and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, USA., Towles TB; Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology, and Plant Pathology, Delta Research and Extension Center, Mississippi State University, Stoneville, MS, USA., Cook DR; Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology, and Plant Pathology, Delta Research and Extension Center, Mississippi State University, Stoneville, MS, USA., Lorenz GM; Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Lonoke Extension Center, University of Arkansas, Lonoke, AR, USA., Gore J; Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology, and Plant Pathology, Delta Research and Extension Center, Mississippi State University, Stoneville, MS, USA.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Environmental entomology [Environ Entomol] 2024 Aug 17; Vol. 53 (4), pp. 716-722.
DOI:	10.1093/ee/nvae057
Abstrakt:	Neonicotinoid insecticide seed treatments are commonly used in rice (Oryza sativa) production to control rice water weevil (Lisorhoptrus oryzophilus). With the use of neonicotinoid seed treatments, there is potential that honey bees (Apis mellifera) could be exposed to neonicotinoids through translocation to the pollen. Studies were conducted in 2015 and 2016 to determine the level of neonicotinoids present in flag leaves, pollen, and grain of rice. Thiamethoxam was applied as a seed treatment and foliar prior to flooding. Clothianidin was applied as a seed treatment and as a foliar at a preflood and postflood timing. Subsamples of flag leaves, pollen, and grain were analyzed for positive neonicotinoid detections and abundance. Thiamethoxam was detected in 8.9% of samples and clothianidin was detected in 1.4% of samples. For both thiamethoxam and clothianidin, more positive samples were observed in flag leaf samples than in pollen or grain. An average of 4.30 ng/g of thiamethoxam was detected in flag leaves from seed-applied thiamethoxam. An average of 1.25 ng/g of clothianidin was found in flag leaves from a preflood application of clothianidin. A survey of honey bees present in rice fields was conducted in Mississippi and Arkansas to determine the abundance of honey bees present in rice fields based on the time of day. Honey bee densities were low in rice, with less than 5% and 3% positive detections observed in Mississippi and Arkansas, respectively. More positive detections and higher densities of honey bees were observed for mid-day sampling than for morning or evening sampling. (© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Entomological Society of America. All rights reserved. For commercial re-use, please contact reprints@oup.com for reprints and translation rights for reprints. All other permissions can be obtained through our RightsLink service via the Permissions link on the article page on our site—for further information please contact journals.permissions@oup.com.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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