Association between illegal drug use and cigarette smoking among Ethiopian students: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Autor: Daba C; Department of Environmental Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia., Gebrehiwot M; Department of Environmental Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia., Debela SA; Department of Public Health, College of Health Science, Salale University, Fitche, Ethiopia., Desye B; Department of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Adigrat University, Adigrat, Ethiopia., Tefera YM; Adelaide Exposure Science and Health, School of Public Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: PloS one [PLoS One] 2024 Jun 20; Vol. 19 (6), pp. e0304948. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Jun 20 (Print Publication: 2024).
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0304948
Abstrakt: Introduction: Cigarette smoking is a persistent public health problem as it is a risk factor for many diseases. Previous studies on the role of illegal drug use in cigarette smoking have yielded disparate and inconclusive results, hindering the development of effective intervention strategies to address this issue. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to estimate the pooled prevalence of cigarette smoking and its associated factors, with a specific focus on the influence of illegal drug use among students in Ethiopia.
Methods: We conducted a comprehensive search of international databases, including PubMed, Cochrane Library, Science Direct, CINAHL, African Journals Online, HINARI, Global Health, and Google and Google Scholar. Grey literature was also identified from various university digital libraries. The study followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis Protocols (PRISMA) guidelines. Due to the high heterogeneity among the included studies (I2 = 98.6%; p-value <0.001), we employed a random-effects model with a 95% confidence interval (CI) to estimate the pooled effect using STATA 14 software. The publication bias was assessed using a statistical Egger regression test.
Results: A total of 22 studies involving 18,144 students met the eligibility criteria for this systematic review and meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of lifetime and current cigarette smoking among students in Ethiopia was 13.8% (95% CI: 9.90-17.82) and 9.61% (95% CI: 7.19-12.03), respectively. Students who used illegal drugs were twenty-three times more likely to smoke cigarettes compared to their counterparts (OR = 23.57, 95% CI: 10.87-51.1). Living in urban settings (OR = 2.9; 95% CI: 1.15-7.28) and the habit of alcohol consumption (OR = 4.79; 95% CI: 1.57-14.64) were also identified as factors associated with cigarette smoking.
Conclusions: We found that more than one in eight students in Ethiopia have engaged in lifetime cigarette smoking. Notably, students who used illegal drugs exhibited a significantly higher likelihood of cigarette smoking. In light of these findings, it is imperative to implement comprehensive public health interventions that target illegal drug use, cigarette smoking, and alcohol consumption, with a particular emphasis on urban residents.
Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
(Copyright: © 2024 Daba et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
Externí odkaz:
Nepřihlášeným uživatelům se plný text nezobrazuje