Heavy Metal and Thiol/Disulfide in Children with Attention-Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder.
| Autor: | Aydın DB; Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, İstanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Cerrahpaşa Faculty of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey., Nasıroğlu S; Department of Psychology Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Akdeniz University, School of Medicine, Antalya, Turkey., Aydın E; Department of Pediatrics, Bandırma Onyedi Eylül University, Faculty of Medicine, Balıkesir, Turkey., Elmas B; Department of Pediatrics, Sakarya University, Faculty of Medicine, Sakarya, Turkey., Özdemir Ö; Department of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Sakarya University, Faculty of Medicine, Sakarya, Turkey., Erel Ö; Department of Biochemistry, Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey. |
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| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Zdroj: | Psychiatry and clinical psychopharmacology [Psychiatry Clin Psychopharmacol] 2024 Mar 01; Vol. 34 (1), pp. 50-56. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Mar 01 (Print Publication: 2024). |
| DOI: | 10.5152/pcp.2023.23724 |
| Abstrakt: | Background: In the etiology of attention-deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), oxidative stress and heavy metal exposure are still controversial topics. In this study, our goal was to examine heavy metal levels and oxidative balance in newly diagnosed patients with ADHD and reveal whether heavy metal levels have an effect on the oxidation balance. Methods: The study included 35 patients with newly diagnosed ADHD and 31 healthy control groups of similar age and gender. Participants' parents or caregivers completed a semi-structured questionnaire regarding their children's breastfeeding and prenatal and postnatal smoking exposures. The levels of heavy metals lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), and cadmium were measured with inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy, and a unique automated spectrophotometric approach was used to quantify serum total thiol, native thiol, and disulfide quantities and ratios. Results: The rate of smoking during pregnancy was significantly higher in the ADHD group than in the control group ( P = .030). Compared to the control group, the native and total thiol levels of children with ADHD were significantly higher ( P < .001). Likewise, the ADHD group had significantly higher Hg levels compared to the control group ( P = .002). Cadmium levels were substantially greater in the control group compared to the ADHD group ( P < .001). However, there was no significant difference between Pb levels in the ADHD and the control group ( P = .844). Conclusion: Exposure to Hg and prenatal smoking may contribute to the development of ADHD in childhood. In response to oxidative stress, the young brains of children with ADHD may enhance their antioxidant levels. Competing Interests: Declaration of Interests: The authors have no conflict of interest to declare. (2024 authors.) |
| Databáze: | MEDLINE |
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