Fatliquor for fungus resistant leather-a sustainable ecofriendly approach.

Autor:	Razzaq MA; Leather Research Institute, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Dhaka 1340, Bangladesh., Lyzu C; Leather Research Institute, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Dhaka 1340, Bangladesh.; Biomedical and Toxicological Research Institute, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Dhaka 1205, Bangladesh., Parveen S; Leather Research Institute, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Dhaka 1340, Bangladesh., Uddin MT; Leather Research Institute, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Dhaka 1340, Bangladesh., Shaikh MAA; Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Dhaka 1205, Bangladesh.; Department of Chemistry, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh., Chowdhury MJ; Leather Research Institute, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Dhaka 1340, Bangladesh.; Department of Chemistry, North Carolina A&T State University, USA., Jamal AHMSIM; Institute of National Analytical Research and Service, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Dhaka 1205, Bangladesh., Al-Mansur MA; Institute of National Analytical Research and Service, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Dhaka 1205, Bangladesh.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Heliyon [Heliyon] 2024 May 23; Vol. 10 (11), pp. e31598. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 May 23 (Print Publication: 2024).
DOI:	10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31598
Abstrakt:	Surface-active softening agents, such as Fatliquors, have a significant impact on the leather industry as they enhance the physicochemical properties of leather. This study focuses on analyzing the synthesis, properties, characterization, and sulfonation of Swietenia mahagoni seed oil to determine its potential as a fatliquoring agent for leather. An investigation was conducted to verify the alteration of Swietenia mahagoni oil through the analysis of its properties before and after the sulfonation process. A scientific analysis was carried on the oil using GC-FID, revealing the presence of various unsaturated fatty acids such as linoleic, linolenic, oleic, palmitic, and arachidic acids. This demonstrates the sulfonating capability of this sky fruit seed oil. A fatliquor was created by sulfonating the oil, and the sulfonation was verified through Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and 1 H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectra. The prominent peak observed at 1209 cm-1 in the FTIR spectra indicated the stretching of S=O in both sulfate and sulfonate groups. The newly formed protons (H-C-S or H-C-O) showed signals between δ 4.09 and 4.29 ppm in the 1 H NMR spectra, confirming the sulfonation of the fatliquor that was prepared. Moreover, the change in the melting point of sulfonated Mahogany oil from 40.8 °C to 48.1 °C suggests increased saturation levels. The fatliquor's emulsion stability was found to be at a satisfactory level. After conducting tests on the treated leather, the physical strength and morphological structure was analyzed using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM), the fatliquor improved the lubrication and strengthened the fibrous network structure of the leather, composed of thin and tight collagen fibers. The BOD5/COD ratio of the effluent from the experimental trial was determined to be 0.52, suggesting that the fatliquor developed is a biodegradable product. Finally, the antifungal capabilities of the fatliquor-treated leather were tested against four different fungus species: Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Penicillium notatum, and Candida albicans, and the treated leather sample shown favorable antifungal activity. Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. (© 2024 The Authors.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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