Preventing Exertional Heat Stroke in Football: Time for a Paradigm Shift.

Autor:	Anderson SA; College Athletic Trainers Society, Norman, Oklahoma., Eichner ER; Oklahoma University Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma., Bennett S; Collegiate Strength and Conditioning Coaches Association, Roanoke, Virginia., Boden BP; The Orthopaedic Center, a Division of CAO, Uniformed Services University, Rockville, Maryland., Colgate B; National Federation of State High School Associations [NFHS], Indianapolis, Indiana., Courson R; University of Georgia Athletic Association, Athens, Georgia., Davis JK; Gatorade Sports Science Institute, Frisco, Texas., Elkins GA; NFHS, Indianapolis, Indiana., Judge LW; Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana., Krueger M; Colorado High School Activities Association, Aurora, Colorado., Kucera KL; Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina - Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, and National Center for Catastrophic Sport Injury Research [NCCSIR], Chapel Hill, North Carolina., Niehoff K; NFHS, Indianapolis, Indiana., Rooks Y; University of Maryland-College Park, College Park, Maryland., Tucker JB; Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, Department of Family Medicine, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, and St. Joseph's Hospital Health Center, Syracuse, New York., Roberts WO; American College of Sports Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, and Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Sports health [Sports Health] 2024 Jun 14, pp. 19417381241260045. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Jun 14.
DOI:	10.1177/19417381241260045
Abstrakt:	Context: Among American sports, football has the highest incidence of exertional heat stroke (EHS), despite decades of prevention strategies. Based on recent reports, 100% of high school and college EHS football fatalities occur during conditioning sessions. Linemen are the at-risk population, constituting 97% of football EHS deaths. Linemen heat up faster and cool down slower than other players. Evidence Acquisition: Case series were identified from organized, supervised football at the youth, high school, and collegiate levels and compiled in the National Registry of Catastrophic Sports Injuries. Sources for event occurrence were media reports and newspaper clippings, autopsy reports, certificates of death, school-sponsored investigations, and published medical literature. Articles were identified through PubMed with search terms "football," "exertional heat stroke," and "prevention." Study Design: Clinical review. Level of Evidence: Level 5. Results: Football EHS is tied to (1) high-intensity drills and conditioning that is not specific to individual player positions, (2) physical exertion as punishment; (3) failure to modify physical activity for high heat and humidity, (4) failure to recognize early signs and symptoms of EHS, and (5) death when cooling is delayed. Conclusion: To prevent football EHS, (1) all training and conditioning should be position specific; (2) physical activity should be modified per the heat load; (3) understand that some players have a "do-or-die" mentality that supersedes their personal safety; (4) never use physical exertion as punishment; (5) eliminate conditioning tests, serial sprints, and any reckless drills that are inappropriate for linemen; and (6) consider air-conditioned venues for linemen during hot practices. To prevent EHS, train linemen based on game demands. Strength-Of-Recommendation Taxonomy: n/a. Competing Interests: The following authors declared potential conflicts of interest: J.K.D. is an employee of the Gatorade Sports Science Institute, a division of PepsiCo. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the position or policy of PepsiCo, Inc. R.C. is on the medical advisory board for BOA. J.K.D. has stock options from PepsiCo.
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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