Composition of heavy metals in sediment, water, and fish of the Ganga and Yamuna Rivers in two major cities of India.

Autor: Kumar S; ICAR-Directorate of Coldwater Fisheries Research, Bhimtal, Uttarakhand, India. ska9557@gmail.com., Saxena A; Department of Fisheries Resource Management, College of Fisheries, G.B.Pant, University of Agriculture and Technology, Udham Singh Nagar, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, India., Srivastava RK; Department of Environmental Sciences, College of Basic Science and Humanities, G.B.Pant, University of Agriculture and Technology, Udham Singh Nagar, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, India., Singh SB; Department of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Sciences, College of Basic Science and Humanities, G.B.Pant, University of Agriculture and Technology, Udham Singh Nagar, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, India., Ram RN; Department of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Sciences, College of Basic Science and Humanities, G.B.Pant, University of Agriculture and Technology, Udham Singh Nagar, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, India., Ganie PA; ICAR-Directorate of Coldwater Fisheries Research, Bhimtal, Uttarakhand, India., Posti R; ICAR-Directorate of Coldwater Fisheries Research, Bhimtal, Uttarakhand, India., Pandey N; ICAR-Directorate of Coldwater Fisheries Research, Bhimtal, Uttarakhand, India.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Environmental monitoring and assessment [Environ Monit Assess] 2024 Jun 13; Vol. 196 (7), pp. 612. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Jun 13.
DOI: 10.1007/s10661-024-12777-x
Abstrakt: The rapid industrial development in the Indian capital region has led to significant waste generation, which, despite undergoing treatment prior to disposal, contributes substantially to water body contamination. Given the diverse nature of these wastes and their potential repercussions across the food chain, a study was conducted to evaluate heavy metal contamination levels in the Ganga and Yamuna Rivers of two major cities. Six heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Hg, Cu, Cr, and Zn) were analyzed in fish, water, and sediment samples by utilizing flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry (Avanta Σ) from March 2019 to February 2020. Results revealed distinct heavy metal distribution patterns, with Cr > Zn > Pb > Cu > Cd > Hg in the Ganga River and Zn > Cr > Pb > Cu > Cd > Hg in the Yamuna River for fish samples. Additionally, levels of Hg in Cyprinus carpio and Sperata oar from the Ganga River, and Pb, Cd, Hg, and Cr in Salmophasia bacaila and Mystus cavasius from the Yamuna River exceeded WHO/FAO permissible limits. In water samples, the predominant heavy metal sequences were Pb > Cu > Zn > Cr > Cd > Hg for the Ganga River and Cr > Zn > Pb > Cu > Cd > Hg for the Yamuna River, with Pb, Cr, Zn, and Cd surpassing WHO standards. Sediment analysis revealed varying heavy metal compositions, with Zn > Cr > Pb > Cu > Cd > Hg in the Ganga River and Cr > Zn > Pb > Cu > Cd > Hg in the Yamuna River. While drinking water and fish from the Ganga River were deemed safe for consumption, those from the Yamuna River were not. Given the toxic nature of heavy metals and their detrimental health impacts, regular monitoring and effective management strategies are imperative.
(© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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