Milk microbiome in the first month of lactation and at weaning from ewes supplemented with zinc pre- and postpartum.

Autor:	Knuth RM; Department of Animal Science, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA., Page CM; Department of Animal Science, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA., Stewart WC; Department of Animal Science, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA., Hummel GL; Department of Animal Science, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA., Woodruff KL; Department of Animal Science, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA., Whaley JR; Department of Animal Science, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA., Springer AL; Department of Animal Science, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA., Austin KJ; Department of Animal Science, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA., Murphy TW; USDA, ARS, Livestock Bio-Systems Research Unit, Roman. L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, NE 68933, USA., Bisha B; Department of Animal Science, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA., Cunningham-Hollinger HC; Department of Animal Science, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Journal of animal science [J Anim Sci] 2024 Jan 03; Vol. 102.
DOI:	10.1093/jas/skae163
Abstrakt:	Mastitis is an important disease with economic and welfare implications in both clinical and subclinical states. The aim of this research was to sequence the hypervariable V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene to describe the microbial diversity and taxonomy of milk from clinically healthy ewes (Rambouillet, WF = 9; Hampshire, BF = 5). Experimental ewes represented a subset of a larger study assessing the impacts of divergent dietary zinc (Zn) concentrations [1 × National Academics of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (NASEM) recommendations = CON or 3 × NASEM recommendations = ZnTRT] throughout late gestation and lactation. Milk was collected at four periods during early lactation (18 to 24 h, 7 d, 14 d, and 21 d postpartum) and at weaning (84 ± 14 d postpartum). Somatic cell counts (SCC) were quantified, averaged, and classed (low: < 500 × 103; medium: 500 × 103 - 100 × 104; high: > 100 × 104 cells/mL). Milk samples (n = 67) were sequenced to identify bacteria and archaea; the most abundant phyla were Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Cyanobacteria, Euryarchaeota, Firmicutes, Fusobacteria, Lentisphaerae, Proteobacteria, Spirochaetes, Tenericutes, Saccharibacteria TM7, and Verrucomicrobia. Mastitis pathogens were among the most relatively abundant genera, including Staphylococcus, Mannheimia, Corynebacterium, and Pseudomonas. Effects of breed, dietary Zn concentration, SCC class, and their two-way interactions on milk microbiome diversity and taxonomy were assessed within early lactation (using a repeated measures model) and weaning samples. Alpha-diversity metrics included Pielou's evenness, Faith's phylogenetic diversity, and Shannon's entropy indices. The main and interactive effects between Zn treatment, breed, SCC class, and period were variable in early lactation and not evident in weaning samples. Milk from BF ewes had increased Faith's phylogenetic diversity and Shannon's entropy, and differed in unweighted UniFrac composition (P ≤ 0.10). Milk from CON ewes had a reduced rate of composition change through early lactation (P = 0.02) indicating greater microbiome stability than ZnTRT ewe milk. These results support that milk is not sterile, and breed, dietary Zn concentration, and SCC class variably affect the milk microbiome. Findings from the current study provide important foundational insights into the effects of increased dietary Zn supplementation on longitudinal changes in the milk microbiome and associations with mammary gland health and mastitis. (© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the American Society of Animal Science. All rights reserved. For commercial re-use, please contact reprints@oup.com for reprints and translation rights for reprints. All other permissions can be obtained through our RightsLink service via the Permissions link on the article page on our site—for further information please contact journals.permissions@oup.com.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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