Genetic drift drives faster-Z evolution in the salmon louse Lepeophtheirus salmonis.

Autor:	Mongue AJ; Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States., Baird RB; Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Evolution; international journal of organic evolution [Evolution] 2024 Sep 03; Vol. 78 (9), pp. 1594-1605.
DOI:	10.1093/evolut/qpae090
Abstrakt:	How sex chromosomes evolve compared to autosomes remains an unresolved question in population genetics. Most studies focus on only a handful of taxa, resulting in uncertainty over whether observed patterns reflect general processes or idiosyncrasies in particular clades. For example, in female heterogametic (ZW) systems, bird Z chromosomes tend to evolve quickly but not adaptively, while in Lepidopterans they evolve adaptively, but not always quickly. To understand how these observations fit into broader evolutionary patterns, we explore Z chromosome evolution outside of these two well-studied clades. We utilize a publicly available genome, gene expression, population, and outgroup data in the salmon louse Lepeophtheirus salmonis, an important agricultural pest copepod. We find that the Z chromosome is faster evolving than autosomes, but that this effect is driven by increased drift rather than adaptive evolution. Due to high rates of female reproductive failure, the Z chromosome exhibits a slightly lower effective population size than the autosomes which is nonetheless to decrease efficiency of hemizygous selection acting on the Z. These results highlight the usefulness of organismal life history in calibrating population genetic expectations and demonstrate the value of the ever-expanding wealth of publicly available data to help resolve outstanding evolutionary questions. (© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Society for the Study of Evolution (SSE).)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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