Unraveling the enigma: The emerging significance of pulmonary surfactant proteins in predicting, diagnosing, and managing COVID-19.

Autor: Bastani MN; Department of Medical Virology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran., Jalilian S; Department of Medical Virology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Immunity, inflammation and disease [Immun Inflamm Dis] 2024 Jun; Vol. 12 (6), pp. e1302.
DOI: 10.1002/iid3.1302
Abstrakt: Background: Severe cases of COVID-19 often lead to the development of acute respiratory syndrome, a critical condition believed to be caused by the harmful effects of SARS-CoV-2 on type II alveolar cells. These cells play a crucial role in producing pulmonary surfactants, which are essential for proper lung function. Specifically focusing on surfactant proteins, including Surfactant protein A (SP-A), Surfactant protein B, Surfactant protein C, and Surfactant protein D (SP-D), changes in the levels of pulmonary surfactants may be a significant factor in the pathological changes seen in COVID-19 infection.
Objective: This study aims to gain insights into surfactants, particularly their impacts and changes during COVID-19 infection, through a comprehensive review of current literature. The study focuses on the function of surfactants as prognostic markers, diagnostic factors, and essential components in the management and treatment of COVID-19.
Finding: In general, pulmonary surfactants serve to reduce the surface tension at the gas-liquid interface, thereby significantly contributing to the regulation of respiratory mechanics. Additionally, these surfactants play a crucial role in the innate immune system within the pulmonary microenvironment. Within the spectrum of COVID-19 infections, a compelling association is observed, characterized by elevated levels of SP-D and SP-A across a range of manifestations from mild to severe pneumonia. The sudden decline in respiratory function observed in COVID-19 patients may be attributed to the decreased synthesis of surfactants by type II alveolar cells.
Conclusion: Collectin proteins such as SP-A and SP-D show promise as biomarkers, offering potential avenues for predicting and monitoring pulmonary alveolar injury in the context of COVID-19. This clarification enhances our understanding of the molecular complexities contributing to respiratory complications in severe COVID-19 cases, providing a foundation for targeted therapeutic approaches using surfactants and refined clinical management strategies.
(© 2024 The Author(s). Immunity, Inflammation and Disease published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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