Lower Humoral and Cellular Immunity Following Asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 Infection Compared to Symptomatic Infection in Education (The ACE Cohort).

Autor: Hopkins G; School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK., Gomez N; School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK., Tucis D; School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK., Bartlett L; School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK., Steers G; School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK., Burns E; School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK., Brown M; School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK., Harvey-Cowlishaw T; School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK., Santos R; School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK., Lauder SN; School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK., Scurr M; School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.; ImmunoServ Ltd, Cardiff, UK., Capitani L; School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK., Burnell S; School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK., Rees T; School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK., Smart K; School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK., Somerville M; School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK., Gallimore A; School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK., Perera M; Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK., Potts M; Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK., Metaxaki M; Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK., Krishna B; Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK., Jackson H; School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK., Tighe P; School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK., Onion D; School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK., Godkin A; School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.; ImmunoServ Ltd, Cardiff, UK., Wills M; Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK., Fairclough L; School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK. lucy.fairclough@nottingham.ac.uk.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Journal of clinical immunology [J Clin Immunol] 2024 Jun 10; Vol. 44 (6), pp. 147. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Jun 10.
DOI: 10.1007/s10875-024-01739-0
Abstrakt: Purpose: Asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections were widely reported during the COVID-19 pandemic, acting as a hidden source of infection. Many existing studies investigating asymptomatic immunity failed to recruit true asymptomatic individuals. Thus, we conducted a longitudinal cohort study to evaluate humoral- and cell-mediated responses to infection and vaccination in well-defined asymptomatic young adults (the Asymptomatic COVID-19 in Education [ACE] cohort).
Methods: Asymptomatic testing services located at three UK universities identified asymptomatic young adults who were subsequently recruited with age- and sex-matched symptomatic and uninfected controls. Blood and saliva samples were collected after SARS-CoV-2 Wuhan infection, and again after vaccination. 51 participant's anti-spike antibody titres, neutralizing antibodies, and spike-specific T-cell responses were measured, against both Wuhan and Omicron B.1.1.529.1.
Results: Asymptomatic participants exhibited reduced Wuhan-specific neutralization antibodies pre- and post-vaccination, as well as fewer Omicron-specific neutralization antibodies post-vaccination, compared to symptomatic participants. Lower Wuhan and Omicron-specific IgG titres in asymptomatic individuals were also observed pre- and post-vaccination, compared to symptomatic participants. There were no differences in salivary IgA levels. Conventional flow cytometry analysis and multi-dimensional clustering analysis indicated unvaccinated asymptomatic participants had significantly fewer Wuhan-specific IL-2 secreting CD4 + CD45RA + T cells and activated CD8 + T cells than symptomatic participants, though these differences dissipated after vaccination.
Conclusions: Asymptomatic infection results in decreased antibody and T cell responses to further exposure to SARS-CoV-2 variants, compared to symptomatic infection. Post-vaccination, antibody responses are still inferior, but T cell immunity increases to match symptomatic subjects, emphasising the importance of vaccination to help protect asymptomatic individuals against future variants.
(© 2024. The Author(s).)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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