| Autor: |
Harmoko H; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Bandung Institute of Technology, Jalan Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia.; Directorate of Standardization and Quality Control, Ministry of Trade, Republic of Indonesia, Jl. Raya Bogor Km. 26, Ciracas, Jakarta Timur 13740, Indonesia., Munawar H; Research Center for Chemistry, National Research and Innovation Agency, Gd. 452 Kawasan Puspiptek, Serpong, Tangerang Selatan, Banten 15314, Indonesia., Bahri S; Department of Chemistry, Universitas Lampung, Jl. Soemantri Brojonegoro No. 1 Gedung Meneng, Bandar Lampung 35145, Indonesia., Andarwulan N; Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, IPB University (Bogor Agricultural University), Darmaga Campus, Bogor, 16680, Indonesia., Tjahjono DH; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Bandung Institute of Technology, Jalan Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia., Kartasasmita RE; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Bandung Institute of Technology, Jalan Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia., Fernández-Alba AR; European Union Reference Laboratory for Pesticide Residues in Fruit & Vegetables, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), Department of Chemistry and Physics, University of Almería, Ctra. Sacramento s/n, La Cañada de San Urbano, Almería, Spain. amadeo@ual.es. |
| Abstrakt: |
The performance of the QuEChERS method in this study, as indicated by a high percentage (>90%) of recovery observations falling within the range of 60-140% and a sample replicate deviation (% RSD) of <20%, for the routine analysis of isoprocarb and carbaryl pesticides, has been evaluated over a 14-month period for the export of Indonesian coffee. Following a seven-day observation of the stability of these pesticides in coffee extract, it was found that the added standard calibration solution remained stable and useable for seven days when stored at 4 °C and -20 °C. This validated method, with high sensitivity (a LOQ of 0.001 mg kg -1 for isoprocarb and carbaryl), has been employed to monitor residues in Indonesian coffee exports to comply with maximum residue limits (MRLs). The samples with higher contamination levels were predominantly from robusta coffee (57.76%), followed by arabica coffee (6.17%). The detection rates for residues decreased by more than 90% in the last two months of the method's application. In the observation of coffee processing, it was found that isoprocarb residues in contaminated samples could be transferred to the processed coffee (roasted and its infusion) to a limited extent, while residues from the carcinogenic carbaryl were not detected due to evaporation. Additionally, chronic dietary risk assessment showed that contaminated samples of robusta and arabica coffees should not be considered a significant public health concern (hazard index HI < 1). However, continuous monitoring of pesticide residues in Indonesian coffee is still recommended, not only to conform to the MRLs of importing countries but also to ensure food trade. |
