Characterizing and Predicting nvPM Size Distributions for Aviation Emission Inventories and Environmental Impact.
| Autor: | Durdina L; Centre for Aviation, ZHAW Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Winterthur CH-8401, Switzerland., Durand E; Cardiff School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Wales CF24 3AA, U.K., Edebeli J; Centre for Aviation, ZHAW Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Winterthur CH-8401, Switzerland., Spirig C; Centre for Aviation, ZHAW Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Winterthur CH-8401, Switzerland., Brem BT; Laboratory for Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen CH-5232, Switzerland., Elser M; Laboratory for Automotive Powertrain Technologies, Empa, Dübendorf CH-8600, Switzerland., Siegerist F; SR Technics Switzerland AG, Zurich-Airport,Kloten CH-8058, Switzerland., Johnson M; Rolls-Royce,Plc, Sin A-37 PO Box 31, Derby DE24 8BJ, U.K., Sevcenco YA; Cardiff School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Wales CF24 3AA, U.K., Crayford AP; Cardiff School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Wales CF24 3AA, U.K. |
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| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Zdroj: | Environmental science & technology [Environ Sci Technol] 2024 Jun 18; Vol. 58 (24), pp. 10548-10557. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Jun 10. |
| DOI: | 10.1021/acs.est.4c02538 |
| Abstrakt: | Concerns about civil aviation's air quality and environmental impacts have led to recent regulations on nonvolatile particulate matter (nvPM) mass and number emissions. Although these regulations do not mandate measuring particle size distribution (PSD), understanding PSDs is vital for assessing the environmental impacts of aviation nvPM. This study introduces a comprehensive data set detailing PSD characteristics of 42 engines across 19 turbofan types, ranging from unregulated small business jets to regulated large commercial aircraft. Emission tests were independently performed by using the European and Swiss reference nvPM sampling and measurement systems with parallel PSD measurements. The geometric mean diameter (GMD) at the engine exit strongly correlated with the nvPM number-to-mass ratio (N/M) and thrust, varying from 7 to 52 nm. The engine-exit geometric standard deviation ranged from 1.7 to 2.5 (mean of 2.05). The study proposes empirical correlations to predict GMD from N/M data of emissions-certified engines. These predictions are expected to be effective for conventional rich-burn engines and might be extended to novel combustor technologies if additional data become available. The findings support the refinement of emission models and help in assessing the aviation non-CO |
| Databáze: | MEDLINE |
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