Impacts of early deprivation on behavioral and neural measures of executive function in early adolescence.

Autor: Lewis LR; Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, 51 East River Rd., Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA. Electronic address: lewi1758@umn.edu., Lopez RA; Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, 51 East River Rd., Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA., Hunt RH; Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, 51 East River Rd., Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA., Hodel AS; Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, 51 East River Rd., Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA., Gunnar MR; Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, 51 East River Rd., Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA., Thomas KM; Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, 51 East River Rd., Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Brain and cognition [Brain Cogn] 2024 Aug; Vol. 179, pp. 106183. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Jun 07.
DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2024.106183
Abstrakt: Children reared in institutional settings experience early deprivation that has lasting implications for multiple aspects of neurocognitive functioning, including executive function (EF). Changes in brain development are thought to contribute to these persistent EF challenges, but little research has used fMRI to investigate EF-related brain activity in children with a history of early deprivation. This study examined behavioral and neural data from a response conflict task in 12-14-year-olds who spent varying lengths of time in institutional care prior to adoption (N = 84; age at adoption - mean: 15.85 months, median: 12 months, range: 4-60 months). In initial analyses, earlier- and later-adopted (EA, LA) youth were compared to a group of children raised in their biological families (non-adopted, NA). NA youth performed significantly more accurately than LA youth, with EA youth falling in between. Imaging data suggested that previously institutionalized (PI) youth activated additional frontoparietal regions, including dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, as compared to NA youth. In addition, EA youth uniquely activated medial prefrontal regions, and LA uniquely activated parietal regions during this task. A separate analysis in a larger group of PI youth examined whether behavioral or brain measures of EF varied with the duration of deprivation experienced. Duration of deprivation was negatively associated with activation of default mode network (DMN) regions. Overall, results suggest that there are lasting effects of deprivation on EF, but that those who are removed from institutional care earlier may be able to recruit additional neural resources as a compensatory mechanism.
Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
(Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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