Sex, training variables, history of chronic disease, and chronic injury are risk factors associated with a history of exercise-associated muscle cramping in 10,973 ultramarathon race entrants: a safer XXXVIII study.

Autor:	Macmillan C; Sport, Exercise Medicine, and Lifestyle Institute (SEMLI), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa - candice.macmillan@up.ac.za., Sewry N; Sport, Exercise Medicine, and Lifestyle Institute (SEMLI), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.; International Olympic Committee (IOC) Research Center, Pretoria, South Africa., Schwellnus M; Sport, Exercise Medicine, and Lifestyle Institute (SEMLI), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.; International Olympic Committee (IOC) Research Center, Pretoria, South Africa., Boulter J; Comrades Marathon, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa., Dyer M; Sport, Exercise Medicine, and Lifestyle Institute (SEMLI), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa., Jordaan E; Unit of Biostatistics Research, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa.; Department of Statistics and Population Studies, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	The Journal of sports medicine and physical fitness [J Sports Med Phys Fitness] 2024 Sep; Vol. 64 (9), pp. 961-969. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Jun 06.
DOI:	10.23736/S0022-4707.24.15842-2
Abstrakt:	Background: The prevalence of a history of exercise-associated muscle cramping (hEAMC) among ultramarathon runners is high. While the Comrades is one of the most popular mass community-based participation ultramarathons (90 km) globally, research on the epidemiology, clinical characteristics, and risk factors of entrants' lifetime hEAMC are scarce. This research aimed to describe the epidemiology, clinical characteristics, and risk factors of hEAMC among Comrades Marathon entrants. Methods: This was a retrospective, cross-sectional study in which 10973 race entrants of the 2022 Comrades Marathon participated. Entrants completed a prerace medical screening questionnaire that included questions related to the lifetime prevalence (%; 95% CI), severity, treatment and risk factors (demographics, training/racing variables, chronic disease/allergies, injury) for EAMC. Results: One thousand five hundred eighty-two entrants reported hEAMC in their lifetime (14.4%; 95% CI: 13.77-15.09). There was a significantly (P<0.01) higher prevalence of male (16.10%; 95% CI:15.34-16.90) than female (8.31%; 95% CI: 7.27-9.50) entrants with hEAMC (PR=1.94; 95% CI:1.68-2.23). The prevalence of hEAMC was highest in entrants with a: 1) 1 disease increase in composite disease score (PR=1.31; 95% CI:1.25-1.39); 2) history of collapse (PR=1.87; 95% CI 1.47-2.38); 3) past chronic musculoskeletal (MSK) injury (PR=1.71; 95% CI 1.50-1.94); and 4) MSK injury in the previous 12 months (PR=2.38;95% CI: 2.05-2.77). Training-related risk factors included an increase of 10 km weekly running distance (PR=0.97; 95% CI:0.95-0.99) and a training pace increase of 1min/ km (slower) (PR=1.07; 95% CI:1.03-1.12). Conclusions: Future research should investigate the causal relationship between risk factors identified and hEAMC in ultramarathon runners. Findings from this study could assist in effective anticipation and adequate planning for treating EAMC encounters during community-based mass participation events.
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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