Optimization of the catalytic production of methyl stearate by applying response surface Box-Behnken design: an intensified green option for high-cetane biofuel manufacture.

Autor:	Reyes-Cruz FM; Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla Avenida San Claudio y 18 Sur, C.P. 72570 Puebla Puebla Mexico manuel.sanchez@correo.buap.mx., Santamaría-Juárez JD; Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla Avenida San Claudio y 18 Sur, C.P. 72570 Puebla Puebla Mexico manuel.sanchez@correo.buap.mx., Sánchez-Cantú M; Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla Avenida San Claudio y 18 Sur, C.P. 72570 Puebla Puebla Mexico manuel.sanchez@correo.buap.mx., Quintana-Solórzano R; Instituto Mexicano del Petróleo Eje Central Lázaro Cárdenas Norte 152 Ciudad de México 07730 Mexico rquintana@imp.mx.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	RSC advances [RSC Adv] 2024 Jun 05; Vol. 14 (25), pp. 17990-18002. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Jun 05 (Print Publication: 2024).
DOI:	10.1039/d4ra02750g
Abstrakt:	To enhance the efficiency of processes by decreasing the reaction severity and energy consumption, and reducing the equipment size, facilities' space and operation cost, process intensification is an increasingly used option in the chemical industry. Within this framework and in agreement with some of the green chemistry principles (design for energy efficiency and use of renewable feedstocks), this work deals with the implementation of high-shear mixing (HSM) to intensify the homogeneous esterification of stearic acid (SA) with methanol to methyl stearate, a high-cetane number alkyl ester suitable to be added into biofuel streams. The response surface Box-Behnken design (BBD) is applied to quantify the main effects and two-way interactions of four key input reaction factors: methanol : SA ratio (7-16 mol mol -1 ), catalyst mass (0.25-4.0 wt%), temperature (40-60 °C), time (1-12 min), and to approximate the optimal conditions on the intensified SA esterification. The statistical BBD results indicates that the four linear effects, two of the four possible quadratic effects (catalyst mass and temperature) and only one (catalyst mass-time) of the six existing two-way interactions are statistically relevant at the 95% confidence level. Catalyst mass is the most influencing factor in the reaction, followed by methanol : SA ratio, temperature, and time. The proposed second-order regression model predicts that the intensified esterification requires only 12 min to practically convert all SA (99% ± 6.8%) running the reaction at 12.4 methanol : SA ratio, 4 wt% catalyst mass, 60 °C and 500 rpm, a value experimentally validated (93.2% ± 0.7%). Under these conditions and with the assistance of HSM, the typical reaction length of conventional heterogeneous and homogeneous-phase esterification processes decreases from 5 to 117 and 35 to 90 times, respectively. Competing Interests: There are no conflicts to declare. (This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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