Exposure to bilingual or monolingual maternal speech during pregnancy affects the neurophysiological encoding of speech sounds in neonates differently.

Autor:	Gorina-Careta N; Brainlab - Cognitive Neuroscience Research Group, Departament de Psicologia Clinica i Psicobiologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.; Institut de Neurociènces, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.; Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain., Arenillas-Alcón S; Brainlab - Cognitive Neuroscience Research Group, Departament de Psicologia Clinica i Psicobiologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.; Institut de Neurociènces, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.; Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain., Puertollano M; Brainlab - Cognitive Neuroscience Research Group, Departament de Psicologia Clinica i Psicobiologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.; Institut de Neurociènces, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.; Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain., Mondéjar-Segovia A; Brainlab - Cognitive Neuroscience Research Group, Departament de Psicologia Clinica i Psicobiologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.; Institut de Neurociènces, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain., Ijjou-Kadiri S; Brainlab - Cognitive Neuroscience Research Group, Departament de Psicologia Clinica i Psicobiologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.; Institut de Neurociènces, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain., Costa-Faidella J; Brainlab - Cognitive Neuroscience Research Group, Departament de Psicologia Clinica i Psicobiologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.; Institut de Neurociènces, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.; Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain., Gómez-Roig MD; Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.; BCNatal - Barcelona Center for Maternal Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (Hospital Sant Joan de Déu and Hospital Clínic), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain., Escera C; Brainlab - Cognitive Neuroscience Research Group, Departament de Psicologia Clinica i Psicobiologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.; Institut de Neurociènces, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.; Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Frontiers in human neuroscience [Front Hum Neurosci] 2024 May 22; Vol. 18, pp. 1379660. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 May 22 (Print Publication: 2024).
DOI:	10.3389/fnhum.2024.1379660
Abstrakt:	Introduction: Exposure to maternal speech during the prenatal period shapes speech perception and linguistic preferences, allowing neonates to recognize stories heard frequently in utero and demonstrating an enhanced preference for their mother's voice and native language. Yet, with a high prevalence of bilingualism worldwide, it remains an open question whether monolingual or bilingual maternal speech during pregnancy influence differently the fetus' neural mechanisms underlying speech sound encoding. Methods: In the present study, the frequency-following response (FFR), an auditory evoked potential that reflects the complex spectrotemporal dynamics of speech sounds, was recorded to a two-vowel /oa/ stimulus in a sample of 129 healthy term neonates within 1 to 3 days after birth. Newborns were divided into two groups according to maternal language usage during the last trimester of gestation (monolingual; bilingual). Spectral amplitudes and spectral signal-to-noise ratios (SNR) at the stimulus fundamental (F 0 ) and first formant (F 1 ) frequencies of each vowel were, respectively, taken as measures of pitch and formant structure neural encoding. Results: Our results reveal that while spectral amplitudes at F0 did not differ between groups, neonates from bilingual mothers exhibited a lower spectral SNR. Additionally, monolingually exposed neonates exhibited a higher spectral amplitude and SNR at F 1 frequencies. Discussion: We interpret our results under the consideration that bilingual maternal speech, as compared to monolingual, is characterized by a greater complexity in the speech sound signal, rendering newborns from bilingual mothers more sensitive to a wider range of speech frequencies without generating a particularly strong response at any of them. Our results contribute to an expanding body of research indicating the influence of prenatal experiences on language acquisition and underscore the necessity of including prenatal language exposure in developmental studies on language acquisition, a variable often overlooked yet capable of influencing research outcomes. Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. The author(s) declared that they were an editorial board member of Frontiers, at the time of submission. This had no impact on the peer review process and the final decision. (Copyright © 2024 Gorina-Careta, Arenillas-Alcón, Puertollano, Mondéjar-Segovia, Ijjou-Kadiri, Costa-Faidella, Gómez-Roig and Escera.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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