The key role of Spain in the traffic of West Nile virus lineage 1 strains between Europe and Africa.

Autor:	Aguilera-Sepúlveda P; Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA-INIA), CSIC, Valdeolmos, Spain., Cano-Gómez C; Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA-INIA), CSIC, Valdeolmos, Spain., Villalba R; Laboratorio Central de Veterinaria (LCV), Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (MAPA), Algete, Spain., Borges V; Genomics and Bioinformatics Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge (INSA), Lisbon, Portugal., Agüero M; Laboratorio Central de Veterinaria (LCV), Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (MAPA), Algete, Spain., Bravo-Barriga D; Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain., Frontera E; Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain., Jiménez-Clavero MÁ; Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA-INIA), CSIC, Valdeolmos, Spain.; CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain., Fernández-Pinero J; Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA-INIA), CSIC, Valdeolmos, Spain.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Infectious diseases (London, England) [Infect Dis (Lond)] 2024 Sep; Vol. 56 (9), pp. 743-758. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Jun 05.
DOI:	10.1080/23744235.2024.2348633
Abstrakt:	Background: West Nile Virus (WNV) is a zoonotic arbovirus worldwide spread. Seasonal WNV outbreaks occur in the Mediterranean basin since the late 1990's with ever-increasing incidence. In Southern Spain WNV is endemic, as disease foci - caused by WNV lineage 1 (WNV-L1) strains - occur every year. On the contrary, WNV-L2 is the dominant lineage in Europe, so most European WNV sequences available belong to this lineage, WNV-L1 sequences being still scarce. Methods: To fill this gap, this study reports the genetic characterisation of 27 newly described WNV-L1 strains, involved in outbreaks affecting wild birds and horses during the last decade in South-Western Spain. Results: All strains except one belong to the Western Mediterranean-1 sub-cluster (WMed-1), related phylogenetically to Italian, French, Portuguese, Moroccan and, remarkably, Senegalese strains. This sub-cluster persisted, spread and evolved into three distinguishable WMed-1 phylogenetic groups that co-circulated, notably, in the same province (Cádiz). They displayed different behaviours: from long-term persistence and rapid spread to neighbouring regions within Spain, to long-distance spread to different countries, including transcontinental spread to Africa. Among the different introductions of WNV in Spain revealed in this study, some of them succeeded to get established, some extinguished from the territory shortly afterwards. Furthermore, Spain's southernmost province, Cádiz, constitutes a hotspot for virus incursion. Conclusion: Southern Spain seems a likely scenario for emergence of exotic pathogens of African origin. Therefore, circulation of diverse WNV-L1 variants in Spain prompts for an extensive surveillance under a One Health approach.
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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