Entomological surveys and insecticide susceptibility profile of Aedes aegypti during the dengue outbreak in Sao Tome and Principe in 2022.

Autor: Kamgang B; Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases, Department of Medical Entomology, Yaoundé, Cameroon., Acântara J; Centro Nacional de Endemias, Ministério da Saúde de São Tomé e Príncipe, Agua Grande, São Tomé e Príncipe., Tedjou A; Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases, Department of Medical Entomology, Yaoundé, Cameroon., Keumeni C; Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases, Department of Medical Entomology, Yaoundé, Cameroon.; Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon., Yougang A; Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases, Department of Medical Entomology, Yaoundé, Cameroon., Ancia A; World Health Organization, Port Louis, Mauritius., Bigirimana F; World Health Organization, Agua Grande, Sao Tome and Principe., Clarke SE; Disease Control Department, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom., Gil VS; World Health Organization, Agua Grande, Sao Tome and Principe., Wondji C; Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases, Department of Medical Entomology, Yaoundé, Cameroon.; Vector Biology Department, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: PLoS neglected tropical diseases [PLoS Negl Trop Dis] 2024 Jun 03; Vol. 18 (6), pp. e0011903. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Jun 03 (Print Publication: 2024).
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011903
Abstrakt: Background: The first dengue outbreak in Sao Tome and Principe was reported in 2022. Entomological investigations were undertaken to establish the typology of Aedes larval habitats, the distribution of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus, the related entomological risk and the susceptibility profile of Ae. aegypti to insecticides, to provide evidence to inform the outbreak response.
Methodology/principal Findings: Entomological surveys were performed in all seven health districts of Sao Tome and Principe during the dry and rainy seasons in 2022. WHO tube and synergist assays using piperonyl butoxide (PBO) and diethyl maleate (DEM) were carried out, together with genotyping of F1534C/V1016I/V410L mutations in Ae. aegypti. Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus were found in all seven health districts of the country with high abundance of Ae. aegypti in the most urbanised district, Agua Grande. Both Aedes species bred mainly in used tyres, discarded tanks and water storage containers. In both survey periods, the Breteau (BI > 50), house (HI > 35%) and container (CI > 20%) indices were higher than the thresholds established by WHO to indicate high potential risk of dengue transmission. The Ae. aegypti sampled were susceptible to all insecticides tested except dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) (9.2% mortality, resistant), bendiocarb (61.4% mortality, resistant) and alpha-cypermethrin (97% mortality, probable resistant). A full recovery was observed in Ae. aegypti resistant to bendiocarb after pre-exposure to synergist PBO. Only one Ae. aegypti specimen was found carrying F1534C mutation.
Conclusions/significance: These findings revealed a high potential risk for dengue transmission throughout the year, with the bulk of larval breeding occurring in used tyres, water storage and discarded containers. Most of the insecticides tested remain effective to control Aedes vectors in Sao Tome, except DDT and bendiocarb. These data underline the importance of raising community awareness and implementing routine dengue vector control strategies to prevent further outbreaks in Sao Tome and Principe, and elsewhere in the subregion.
Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
(Copyright: © 2024 Kamgang et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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