Atmospheric concentrations and potential sources of dioxin-like contaminants to Acadia National Park.

Autor: Pagano JJ; Center for Air and Aquatic Resources Engineering and Science, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY, 13699, USA. Electronic address: jpagano@clarkson.edu., Garner AJ; General Dynamics Information Technology, Falls Church, VA, 22042, USA., Hopke PK; University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA; Institute for a Sustainable Environment, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY, 13699, USA., Pagano JK; Trace-Ability, Inc., Van Nuys, CA, 91406, USA., Gawley WG; Acadia National Park, National Park Service, Bar Harbor, ME, 04609, USA., Holsen TM; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY, 13699, USA.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987) [Environ Pollut] 2024 Sep 01; Vol. 356, pp. 124287. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 May 30.
DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124287
Abstrakt: Acadia National Park (ANP) is located on Mt. Desert Island, ME on the U.S. Atlantic coast. ANP is routinely a top-ten most popular National Park with over four million visits in 2022. The overall contribution and negative effects of long-range atmospheric transport and local sources of dioxin-like contaminants endangering natural and wildlife resources is unknown. Dioxin-like (DL) contaminants polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (∑PCDD) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (∑PCDF), non-ortho coplanar PCBs (∑CP4), and polychlorinated naphthalenes (∑PCNs) were measured at the McFarland Hill air monitoring station (44.37 ⁰ N, 68.26 ⁰ W). On a mass/volume basis, total PCNs averaged 90.9 % (788 fg/m 3 ) of DL contaminants measured annually, with 92.9 % of the collected total in the vapor-phase. Alternatively, total dioxin/furans (∑PCDD/Fs) represented 71.6 % of the total toxic equivalence (∑TEQ) (1.018 fg-TEQ/m 3 ), with 69.7 % in the particulate-phase. Maximum concentrations measured for individual sampling events for ∑PCDD/F, ∑CP4, and ∑PCN were 159 (winter), 139 (summer), and 2100 (autumn), fg/m 3 respectively. Whereas the maximum ∑TEQ concentrations for individual sampling events for ∑PCDD/F, ∑CP4, and ∑PCN were 2.8 (autumn), 0.38 (summer), and 0.71 (autumn), fg-TEQ/m 3 respectively. Pearson correlations were calculated for ∑PCDD/Fs and ∑PCN particulate/vapor-phase air concentrations and PM 2.5 wood smoke "indicator" species. The most significant correlations were observed in autumn for particulate-phase ∑PCDD/Fs suggesting a relationship between visitation-generated combustion sources (campfires and/or waste burning) or climate-change mediated forest fires. Significant Clausius-Clapeyron (C-C) correlations observed for particulate-phase ∑PCDDs (r 2  = 0.567) as ambient temperatures decreased suggests a connection between localized domestic heating sources or visitor-based burning of wood/trash resources. Alternatively, highly significant C-C vapor-phase ∑CP4-PCBs correlations (r 2  = 0.815) implies that the majority of ∑CP4-PCB loading to ANP is from long-range atmospheric transport processes. Based on these findings, Acadia National Park should be classified as a remote site with minor depositional impacts from ∑PCDD/Fs, ∑CP4-PCBs, and ∑PCN atmospheric transport or local diffuse sources.
Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
(Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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