Phthalates and sex steroid hormones across the perimenopausal period: A longitudinal analysis of the Midlife Women's Health Study.

Autor: Babadi RS; Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA., Williams PL; Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA., Preston EV; Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA., Li Z; Roy J. Carver Biotechnology Center, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA., Smith RL; Department of Pathobiology, Institute for Genomic Biology, and Carle Illinois College of Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA., Strakovsky RS; Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA; Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA., Mahalingaiah S; Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA., Hauser R; Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA., Flaws JA; Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA; Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA., James-Todd T; Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA. Electronic address: tjtodd@hsph.harvard.edu.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Environment international [Environ Int] 2024 Jun; Vol. 188, pp. 108770. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 May 23.
DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.108770
Abstrakt: Background: The menopausal transition involves significant sex hormone changes. Environmental chemicals, such as urinary phthalate metabolites, are associated with sex hormone levels in cross-sectional studies. Few studies have assessed longitudinal associations between urinary phthalate metabolite concentrations and sex hormone levels during menopausal transition.
Methods: Pre- and perimenopausal women from the Midlife Women's Health Study (MWHS) (n = 751) contributed data at up to 4 annual study visits. We quantified 9 individual urinary phthalate metabolites and 5 summary measures (e.g., phthalates in plastics (∑Plastic)), using pooled annual urine samples. We measured serum estradiol, testosterone, and progesterone collected at each study visit, unrelated to menstrual cycling. Linear mixed-effects models and hierarchical Bayesian kernel machine regression analyses evaluated adjusted associations between individual and phthalate mixtures with sex steroid hormones longitudinally.
Results: We observed associations between increased concentrations of certain phthalate metabolites and lower testosterone and higher sub-ovulatory progesterone levels, e.g., doubling of monoethyl phthalate (MEP), monobenzyl phthalate (MBzP), di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (∑DEHP) metabolites, ∑Plastic, and ∑Phthalates concentrations were associated with lower testosterone (e.g., for ∑DEHP: -4.51%; 95% CI: -6.72%, -2.26%). For each doubling of MEP, certain DEHP metabolites, and summary measures, we observed higher mean sub-ovulatory progesterone (e.g., ∑AA (metabolites with anti-androgenic activity): 6.88%; 95% CI: 1.94%, 12.1%). Higher levels of the overall time-varying phthalate mixture were associated with lower estradiol and higher progesterone levels, especially for 2nd year exposures.
Conclusions: Phthalates were longitudinally associated with sex hormone levels during the menopausal transition. Future research should assess such associations and potential health impacts during this understudied period.
Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
(Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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