Malate dehydrogenase: a story of diverse evolutionary radiation.
| Autor: | Wolyniak MJ; Department of Biology, Hampden-Sydney College, Hampden-Sydney, VA 23943, U.S.A., Frazier RH; Department of Biology, Hampden-Sydney College, Hampden-Sydney, VA 23943, U.S.A., Gemborys PK; Department of Biology, Hampden-Sydney College, Hampden-Sydney, VA 23943, U.S.A., Loehr HE; Department of Biology, Hampden-Sydney College, Hampden-Sydney, VA 23943, U.S.A. |
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| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Zdroj: | Essays in biochemistry [Essays Biochem] 2024 Oct 03; Vol. 68 (2), pp. 213-220. |
| DOI: | 10.1042/EBC20230076 |
| Abstrakt: | Malate dehydrogenase (MDH) is a ubiquitous enzyme involved in cellular respiration across all domains of life. MDH's ubiquity allows it to act as an excellent model for considering the history of life and how the rise of aerobic respiration and eukaryogenesis influenced this evolutionary process. Here, we present the diversity of the MDH family of enzymes across bacteria, archaea, and eukarya, the relationship between MDH and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in the formation of a protein superfamily, and the connections between MDH and endosymbiosis in the formation of mitochondria and chloroplasts. The development of novel and powerful DNA sequencing techniques has challenged some of the conventional wisdom underlying MDH evolution and suggests a history dominated by gene duplication, horizontal gene transfer, and cryptic endosymbiosis events and adaptation to a diverse range of environments across all domains of life over evolutionary time. The data also suggest a superfamily of proteins that do not share high levels of sequential similarity but yet retain strong conservation of core function via key amino acid residues and secondary structural components. As DNA sequencing and 'big data' analysis techniques continue to improve in the life sciences, it is likely that the story of MDH will continue to refine as more examples of superfamily diversity are recovered from nature and analyzed. (© 2024 The Author(s).) |
| Databáze: | MEDLINE |
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