Immune responses during COVID-19 breakthrough cases in vaccinated children and adolescents.

Autor:	Rivera-Pérez D; Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile.; Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile., Méndez C; Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile.; Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile., Diethelm-Varela B; Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile.; Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile., Melo-González F; Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile.; Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.; Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile., Vázquez Y; Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile.; Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile., Meng X; Sinovac Biotech, Beijing, China., Xin Q; Sinovac Biotech, Beijing, China., Fasce RA; Departamento de Laboratorio Biomédico, Instituto de Salud Pública de Chile, Santiago, Chile., Fernández J; Departamento de Laboratorio Biomédico, Instituto de Salud Pública de Chile, Santiago, Chile., Mora J; Departamento de Laboratorio Biomédico, Instituto de Salud Pública de Chile, Santiago, Chile., Ramirez E; Departamento de Laboratorio Biomédico, Instituto de Salud Pública de Chile, Santiago, Chile., Acevedo ML; Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile.; Laboratorio de Virología Molecular y Celular, Programa de Virología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile., Valiente-Echeverría F; Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile.; Laboratorio de Virología Molecular y Celular, Programa de Virología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile., Soto-Rifo R; Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile.; Laboratorio de Virología Molecular y Celular, Programa de Virología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile., Grifoni A; Center for Vaccine Innovation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA, United States., Weiskopf D; Center for Vaccine Innovation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA, United States.; Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA, United States., Sette A; Center for Vaccine Innovation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA, United States.; Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA, United States., Astudillo P; Departamento de Enfermedades Infecciosas e Inmunología Pediátrica, División de Pediatría, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile., Le Corre N; Departamento de Enfermedades Infecciosas e Inmunología Pediátrica, División de Pediatría, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile., Abarca K; Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile.; Departamento de Enfermedades Infecciosas e Inmunología Pediátrica, División de Pediatría, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile., Perret C; Departamento de Enfermedades Infecciosas e Inmunología Pediátrica, División de Pediatría, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile., González PA; Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile.; Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile., Soto JA; Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile.; Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.; Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile., Bueno SM; Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile.; Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile., Kalergis AM; Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile.; Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.; Departamento de Endocrinología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Frontiers in immunology [Front Immunol] 2024 May 15; Vol. 15, pp. 1372193. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 May 15 (Print Publication: 2024).
DOI:	10.3389/fimmu.2024.1372193
Abstrakt:	Background: Vaccine effectiveness against SARS-CoV-2 infection has been somewhat limited due to the widespread dissemination of the Omicron variant, its subvariants, and the immune response dynamics of the naturally infected with the virus. Methods: Twelve subjects between 3-17 years old (yo), vaccinated with two doses of CoronaVac ® , were followed and diagnosed as breakthrough cases starting 14 days after receiving the second dose. Total IgGs against different SARS-CoV-2 proteins and the neutralizing capacity of these antibodies after infection were measured in plasma. The activation of CD4 + and CD8 + T cells was evaluated in peripheral blood mononuclear cells stimulated with peptides derived from the proteins from the wild-type (WT) virus and Omicron subvariants by flow cytometry, as well as different cytokines secretion by a Multiplex assay. Results: 2 to 8 weeks post-infection, compared to 4 weeks after 2 nd dose of vaccine, there was a 146.5-fold increase in neutralizing antibody titers against Omicron and a 38.7-fold increase against WT SARS-CoV-2. Subjects showed an increase in total IgG levels against the S1, N, M, and NSP8 proteins of the WT virus. Activated CD4 + T cells showed a significant increase in response to the BA.2 subvariant (p<0.001). Finally, the secretion of IL-2 and IFN-γ cytokines showed a discreet decrease trend after infection in some subjects. Conclusion: SARS-CoV-2 infection in the pediatric population vaccinated with an inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine produced an increase in neutralizing antibodies against Omicron and increased specific IgG antibodies for different SARS-CoV-2 proteins. CD4 + T cell activation was also increased, suggesting a conserved cellular response against the Omicron subvariants, whereas Th1-type cytokine secretion tended to decrease. Clinical Trial Registration: clinicaltrials.gov #NCT04992260. Competing Interests: XM and QX are SINOVAC Biotech employees, contributed to the conceptualization of the study, and did not participate in the analysis or interpretation of the data presented in the manuscript. AS is a consultant for AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals, Calyptus Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Darwin Health, EmerVax, EUROIMMUN, F. Hoffman-La Roche Ltd, Fortress Biotech, Gilead Sciences, Granite bio., Gritstone Oncology, Guggenheim Securities, Moderna, Pfizer, RiverVest Venture Partners, and Turnstone Biologics. AG is a consultant for Pfizer and Sanofi. La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI) has filed for patent protection for various aspects of T cell epitope and vaccine design work. The remaining authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. The author(s) declared that they were an editorial board member of Frontiers, at the time of submission. This had no impact on the peer review process and the final decision. (Copyright © 2024 Rivera-Pérez, Méndez, Diethelm-Varela, Melo-González, Vázquez, Meng, Xin, Fasce, Fernández, Mora, Ramirez, Acevedo, Valiente-Echeverría, Soto-Rifo, Grifoni, Weiskopf, Sette, Astudillo, Le Corre, Abarca, Perret, González, Soto, Bueno and Kalergis.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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