| Autor: |
Shabatina TI; Department of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia.; Faculty of Fundamental Sciences, N.E. Bauman Moscow Technical State University, Moscow 105005, Russia., Gromova YA; Department of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia., Vernaya OI; Department of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia.; Faculty of Fundamental Sciences, N.E. Bauman Moscow Technical State University, Moscow 105005, Russia., Soloviev AV; Department of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia., Shabatin AV; Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry RAN, Moscow 119071, Russia., Morosov YN; Department of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia.; Faculty of Fundamental Sciences, N.E. Bauman Moscow Technical State University, Moscow 105005, Russia., Astashova IV; Department of Mechanic and Mathematics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia., Melnikov MY; Department of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia. |
| Abstrakt: |
The use of medicinal substances in nanosized forms (nanoforms, nanoparticles) allows the therapeutic effectiveness of pharmaceutical preparations to be increased due to several factors: (1) the high specific surface area of nanomaterials, and (2) the high concentration of surface-active centers interacting with biological objects. In the case of drug nanoforms, even low concentrations of a bioactive substance can have a significant therapeutic effect on living organisms. These effects allow pharmacists to use lower doses of active components, consequently lowering the toxic side effects of pharmaceutical nanoform preparations. It is known that many drug substances that are currently in development are poorly soluble in water, so they have insufficient bioavailability. Converting them into nanoforms will increase their rate of dissolution, and the increased saturation solubility of drug nanocrystals also makes a significant contribution to their high therapeutic efficiency. Some physical and chemical methods can contribute to the formation of both pure drug nanoparticles and their ligand or of polymer-covered nanoforms, which are characterized by higher stability. This review describes the most commonly used methods for the preparation of nanoforms (nanoparticles) of different medicinal substances, paying close attention to modern supercritical and cryogenic technologies and the advantages and disadvantages of the described methods and techniques; moreover, the improvements in the physico-chemical and biomedical properties of the obtained medicinal nanoforms are also discussed. |
