| Autor: |
Urbano-Gámez JD; Biomedical Magnetic Resonance Laboratory-BMRL, Andalusian Public Foundation Progress and Health-FPS, 41092 Seville, Spain.; Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, C/Severo Ochoa, 35, 29590 Malaga, Spain., Guzzi C; Biomedical Magnetic Resonance Laboratory-BMRL, Andalusian Public Foundation Progress and Health-FPS, 41092 Seville, Spain.; Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, C/Severo Ochoa, 35, 29590 Malaga, Spain., Bernal M; Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, C/Severo Ochoa, 35, 29590 Malaga, Spain.; Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Andalucía Tech, 29071 Malaga, Spain., Solivera J; Department of Neurosurgery, Reina Sofia University Hospital, 14004 Cordoba, Spain., Martínez-Zubiaurre I; Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, P.O. Box 6050, Langnes, 9037 Tromsö, Norway., Caro C; Biomedical Magnetic Resonance Laboratory-BMRL, Andalusian Public Foundation Progress and Health-FPS, 41092 Seville, Spain.; Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, C/Severo Ochoa, 35, 29590 Malaga, Spain., García-Martín ML; Biomedical Magnetic Resonance Laboratory-BMRL, Andalusian Public Foundation Progress and Health-FPS, 41092 Seville, Spain.; Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, C/Severo Ochoa, 35, 29590 Malaga, Spain.; Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials & Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain. |
| Abstrakt: |
The application of metal-based nanoparticles (mNPs) in cancer therapy and diagnostics (theranostics) has been a hot research topic since the early days of nanotechnology, becoming even more relevant in recent years. However, the clinical translation of this technology has been notably poor, with one of the main reasons being a lack of understanding of the disease and conceptual errors in the design of mNPs. Strikingly, throughout the reported studies to date on in vivo experiments, the concepts of "tumor targeting" and "tumor cell targeting" are often intertwined, particularly in the context of active targeting. These misconceptions may lead to design flaws, resulting in failed theranostic strategies. In the context of mNPs, tumor targeting can be described as the process by which mNPs reach the tumor mass (as a tissue), while tumor cell targeting refers to the specific interaction of mNPs with tumor cells once they have reached the tumor tissue. In this review, we conduct a critical analysis of key challenges that must be addressed for the successful targeting of either tumor tissue or cancer cells within the tumor tissue. Additionally, we explore essential features necessary for the smart design of theranostic mNPs, where 'smart design' refers to the process involving advanced consideration of the physicochemical features of the mNPs, targeting motifs, and physiological barriers that must be overcome for successful tumor targeting and/or tumor cell targeting. |
