Tuberculosis Immunoreactivity Surveillance in Malawi (Timasamala)-A protocol for a cross-sectional Mycobacterium tuberculosis immunoreactivity survey in Blantyre, Malawi.

Autor: Rickman HM; Clinical Research Department, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom.; Malawi Liverpool Wellcome Programme, Blantyre, Malawi., Phiri MD; Malawi Liverpool Wellcome Programme, Blantyre, Malawi.; Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom., Feasey HRA; Clinical Research Department, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom.; Malawi Liverpool Wellcome Programme, Blantyre, Malawi., Mbale H; Malawi Liverpool Wellcome Programme, Blantyre, Malawi., Nliwasa M; Helse Nord TB Initiative, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, Blantyre, Malawi., Semphere R; Helse Nord TB Initiative, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, Blantyre, Malawi.; School of Health & Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom., Chagaluka G; Department of Paediatrics, Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre, Malawi., Fielding K; Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom., Mwandumba HC; Malawi Liverpool Wellcome Programme, Blantyre, Malawi.; Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom., Horton KC; Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom., Nightingale ES; Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom., Henrion MYR; Malawi Liverpool Wellcome Programme, Blantyre, Malawi.; Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom., Mbendera K; Malawi National Tuberculosis and Leprosy Control Programme, Lilongwe, Malawi., Mpunga JA; Malawi National Tuberculosis and Leprosy Control Programme, Lilongwe, Malawi., Corbett EL; Clinical Research Department, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom.; Malawi Liverpool Wellcome Programme, Blantyre, Malawi., MacPherson P; Clinical Research Department, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom.; Malawi Liverpool Wellcome Programme, Blantyre, Malawi.; School of Health & Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: PloS one [PLoS One] 2024 May 24; Vol. 19 (5), pp. e0291215. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 May 24 (Print Publication: 2024).
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0291215
Abstrakt: Tuberculosis (TB) transmission and prevalence are dynamic over time, and heterogeneous within populations. Public health programmes therefore require up-to-date, accurate epidemiological data to appropriately allocate resources, target interventions, and track progress towards End TB goals. Current methods of TB surveillance often rely on case notifications, which are biased by access to healthcare, and TB disease prevalence surveys, which are highly resource-intensive, requiring many tens of thousands of people to be tested to identify high-risk groups or capture trends. Surveys of "latent TB infection", or immunoreactivity to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), using tests such as interferon-gamma release assays (IGRAs) could provide a way to identify TB transmission hotspots, supplementing information from disease notifications, and with greater spatial and temporal resolution than is possible to achieve in disease prevalence surveys. This cross-sectional survey will investigate the prevalence of Mtb immunoreactivity amongst young children, adolescents and adults in Blantyre, Malawi, a high HIV-prevalence city in southern Africa. Through this study we will estimate the annual risk of TB infection (ARTI) in Blantyre and explore individual- and area-level risk factors for infection, as well as investigating geospatial heterogeneity of Mtb infection (and its determinants), and comparing these to the distribution of TB disease case-notifications. We will also evaluate novel diagnostics for Mtb infection (QIAreach QFT) and sampling methodologies (convenience sampling in healthcare settings and community sampling based on satellite imagery), which may increase the feasibility of measuring Mtb infection at large scale. The overall aim is to provide high-resolution epidemiological data and provide new insights into methodologies which may be used by TB programmes globally.
Competing Interests: The manufacturers of QFT-Plus and QIAreach QFT (QIAGEN) have agreed to provide tests at reduced or no cost for the purposes of research. The investigators will retain all control over research questions and design, data analysis and dissemination, and the manufacturer will play no role in study design, collection, analysis, and interpretation of data, or writing up the study findings.
(Copyright: © 2024 Rickman et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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