A Review of the Toxicity of Ingredients in e-Cigarettes, Including Those Ingredients Having the FDA's "Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS)" Regulatory Status for Use in Food.

Autor:	Kassem NOF; Health Promotion and Behavioral Science, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA.; Hookah Tobacco Research Center, San Diego State University Research Foundation, San Diego, CA, USA., Strongin RM; Department of Chemistry, Portland State University, Portland, OR, USA., Stroup AM; Behavioral Health and Health Policy Practice, Westat, Rockville, MD, USA., Brinkman MC; College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.; Center for Tobacco Research, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA., El-Hellani A; Center for Tobacco Research, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA.; Division of Environmental Health Sciences, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA., Erythropel HC; Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.; Department of Psychiatry, Yale Center for the Study of Tobacco Products (YCSTP), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA., Etemadi A; Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA., Exil V; School of Medicine, St. Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA., Goniewicz ML; Department of Health Behavior, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA., Kassem NO; Health Promotion and Behavioral Science, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA.; Hookah Tobacco Research Center, San Diego State University Research Foundation, San Diego, CA, USA., Klupinski TP; Battelle, Columbus, OH, USA., Liles S; Health Promotion and Behavioral Science, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA.; Hookah Tobacco Research Center, San Diego State University Research Foundation, San Diego, CA, USA., Muthumalage T; School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA., Noël A; Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA., Peyton DH; Department of Chemistry, Portland State University, Portland, OR, USA., Wang Q; Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA., Rahman I; Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA., Valerio LG Jr; Division of Nonclinical Science (DNCS), Office of Science/Center for Tobacco Products, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco [Nicotine Tob Res] 2024 Oct 22; Vol. 26 (11), pp. 1445-1454.
DOI:	10.1093/ntr/ntae123
Abstrakt:	Some firms and marketers of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes; a type of electronic nicotine delivery system (ENDS)) and refill liquids (e-liquids) have made claims about the safety of ingredients used in their products based on the term "GRAS or Generally Recognized As Safe" (GRAS). However, GRAS is a provision within the definition of a food additive under section 201(s) (21 U.S.C. 321(s)) of the U.S. Federal Food Drug and Cosmetic Act (FD&C Act). Food additives and GRAS substances are by the FD&C Act definition intended for use in food, thus safety is based on oral consumption; the term GRAS cannot serve as an indicator of the toxicity of e-cigarette ingredients when aerosolized and inhaled (ie, vaped). There is no legal or scientific support for labeling e-cigarette product ingredients as "GRAS." This review discusses our concerns with the GRAS provision being applied to e-cigarette products and provides examples of chemical compounds that have been used as food ingredients but have been shown to lead to adverse health effects when inhaled. The review provides scientific insight into the toxicological evaluation of e-liquid ingredients and their aerosols to help determine the potential respiratory risks associated with their use in e-cigarettes. (© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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