Potential of guar gum as a leaky gut model in broilers: Digestibility, performance, and microbiota responses.

Autor:	Mellouk A; Department of R&I in Monogastric Animal Nutrition, European Laboratory of Innovation Science & Expertise (ELISE), Adisseo France S.A.S., Saint Fons, France., Mahmood T; Department of R&I in Monogastric Animal Nutrition, European Laboratory of Innovation Science & Expertise (ELISE), Adisseo France S.A.S., Saint Fons, France., Jlali M; Department of R&I in Monogastric Animal Nutrition, European Laboratory of Innovation Science & Expertise (ELISE), Adisseo France S.A.S., Saint Fons, France., Vieco-Saiz N; Department of R&I in Monogastric Animal Nutrition, European Laboratory of Innovation Science & Expertise (ELISE), Adisseo France S.A.S., Saint Fons, France., Michel V; Department of R&I in Monogastric Animal Nutrition, European Laboratory of Innovation Science & Expertise (ELISE), Adisseo France S.A.S., Saint Fons, France., Cozannet P; Department of R&I in Monogastric Animal Nutrition, European Laboratory of Innovation Science & Expertise (ELISE), Adisseo France S.A.S., Saint Fons, France., Ozbek S; Department of R&I in Monogastric Animal Nutrition, European Laboratory of Innovation Science & Expertise (ELISE), Adisseo France S.A.S., Saint Fons, France., Mercier Y; Department of R&I in Monogastric Animal Nutrition, European Laboratory of Innovation Science & Expertise (ELISE), Adisseo France S.A.S., Saint Fons, France., Devillard E; Department of R&I in Monogastric Animal Nutrition, European Laboratory of Innovation Science & Expertise (ELISE), Adisseo France S.A.S., Saint Fons, France., Consuegra J; Department of R&I in Monogastric Animal Nutrition, European Laboratory of Innovation Science & Expertise (ELISE), Adisseo France S.A.S., Saint Fons, France.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Animal nutrition (Zhongguo xu mu shou yi xue hui) [Anim Nutr] 2024 Feb 28; Vol. 17, pp. 177-187. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Feb 28 (Print Publication: 2024).
DOI:	10.1016/j.aninu.2024.01.005
Abstrakt:	Diet is a major modulator of animal resilience and its three pillars: host's immune response, gut microbiota, and intestinal barrier. In the present study, we endeavour to delineate a challenging condition aimed to degrade these pillars and elucidate its impact on broiler performance and nutrient digestibility. To attain this objective, we opted to use guar gum (GG) as a source of galactomannan. A series of three in vivo experiments were conducted employing conventional or semi-purified diets, supplemented with or without GG during the grower phase (14-28 d). Our findings demonstrate a substantial decline in animal performance metrics such as body weight (reduced by 29%, P  < 0.001), feed intake (decreased by 12%, P <  0.001), and feed conversion ratio (up to 58% increase, P <  0.001) in the presence of GG at 2%. The supplementation of a semi-purified diet with incremental doses of GG resulted in a linear reduction ( P <  0.001) in the apparent total tract digestibility of dry matter and apparent metabolisable energy. Additionally, a marked reduction in ileal endogenous losses, as well as apparent and standardised digestibility of all amino acids with varying proportions ( P <  0.05), was observed. These alterations were accompanied by disrupted gut integrity assessed by fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran (FITC-d) ( P <  0.001) as well as an inflammatory status characterised by elevated levels of acute-phase proteins, namely orosomucoid and serum amyloid A in the sera ( P =  0.03), and increased mRNA expression levels of IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, Inos , and K203 genes in the ileum, along with a decrease in IgA levels in the gut lumen ( P  < 0.05). Microbial ecology and activity were characterised by reduced diversity and richness (Shannon index, P =  0.005) in the presence of GG. Consequently, our results revealed diminished levels of short-chain fatty acids ( P =  0.01) and their producer genera, such as Clostridium_XIVa and Blautia, in the gut caeca, coupled with excessive accumulation of lactate (17-fold increase, P  < 0.01) in the presence of GG at 2%. In addition to providing a more comprehensive characterisation of the GG supplementation as a leaky gut model, our results substantiate a thorough understanding of the intricate adjustments and interplay between the intestinal barrier, immune response, and microbiota. Furthermore, they underscore the significance of feed components in modulating these dynamics. (© 2024 The Authors.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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