The natural anthraquinone dye emodin: Eco/genotoxicological characterization for aquatic organisms.

Autor: de Farias NO; Faculdade de Tecnologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, UNICAMP, Limeira, SP, Brazil; Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil., Rodrigues AR; Faculdade de Tecnologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, UNICAMP, Limeira, SP, Brazil., Botelho MT; Faculdade de Tecnologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, UNICAMP, Limeira, SP, Brazil., Magalhães GR; Faculdade de Tecnologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, UNICAMP, Limeira, SP, Brazil., Räisänen R; Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science, Craft Studies, University of Helsinki, UH, Helsinki, Finland., Freeman HS; Wilson College of Textiles, North Carolina State University, NCSU, Raleigh, USA., Umbuzeiro GA; Faculdade de Tecnologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, UNICAMP, Limeira, SP, Brazil; Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil. Electronic address: giselau@unicamp.br.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association [Food Chem Toxicol] 2024 Jul; Vol. 189, pp. 114749. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 May 19.
DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2024.114749
Abstrakt: Emodin is an anthraquinone secondary metabolite produced by several species of plants and fungi. Emodin is known for its pharmacological versatility, and, in the textile industry, for its good dyeing properties. However, its use in the textile industry can result in the formation and disposal of large volumes of wastewater. Emodin mutagenicity has been shown in bacteria and in human cells, but little is known about its possible toxic, genotoxic, or mutagenic effects in aquatic organisms. We have evaluated the eco/genotoxicity of emodin to aquatic organisms. Emodin was toxic to Daphnia similis (EC 50  = 130 μg L -1 ) and zebrafish embryos (LC 50  = 25 μg L -1 ). No toxicity was observed for Raphidocelis subcapitata, Ceriodaphnia dubia, or Parhyale hawaiensis. Additional biochemistry/molecular studies are needed to elucidate the toxic/mutagenic pathways of emodin in aquatic organisms. The PNEC value for emodin was 0.025 μg L -1 . In addition to mutagenicity in the Salmonella/microsome assay, emodin was mutagenic in the micronucleus assay in the amphipod P. hawaiensis. Among the anthraquinone dyes tested to date, natural or synthetic, emodin was the most toxic to aquatic species.
Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
(Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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