Acaricide resistance status of livestock ticks from East and West Africa and in vivo efficacy of acaricides to control them.

Autor:	Evans A; Clinglobal, B03/04, The Tamarin Commercial Hub, Jacaranda Avenue, Tamarin, 90903, Mauritius. Electronic address: alec.evans@clinglobal.com., Madder M; Clinglobal, B03/04, The Tamarin Commercial Hub, Jacaranda Avenue, Tamarin, 90903, Mauritius. Electronic address: maxime.madder@clinglobal.com., Fourie J; Clinvet USA, 1479 Talmadge Hill South, Waverly, NY, 14892, USA. Electronic address: josephus.fourie@clinvet.com., Halos L; Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, WA, USA. Electronic address: lenaig.halos@gatesfoundation.org., Kumsa B; Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Addis Ababa University, Bishoftu, Ethiopia. Electronic address: bersissak@yahoo.com., Kimbita E; Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Sokoine University of Agriculture, PO Box 3019, Morogoro, Tanzania. Electronic address: ekimbita@yahoo.co.uk., Byaruhanga J; Department of Bio-molecular Resources and Bio-laboratory Sciences (BBS), College of Veterinary Medicine, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda. Electronic address: josephjbvincent@gmail.com., Mwiine FN; Department of Bio-molecular Resources and Bio-laboratory Sciences (BBS), College of Veterinary Medicine, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda. Electronic address: frank.mwiine@mak.ac.ug., Muhanguzi D; Department of Bio-molecular Resources and Bio-laboratory Sciences (BBS), College of Veterinary Medicine, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda. Electronic address: dennis.muhanguzi@mak.ac.ug., Adehan SB; National Institute of Agricultural Research (INRAB), Animal and Fisheries Health and Nutrition Support Laboratory (LASNAH), 01 BP 884, Cotonou, Benin. Electronic address: adehankarim@yahoo.fr., Toure A; Université Nangui Abrogoua, UFR Sciences de la Nature, 02 Bp 801 Abidjan 02, Côte d'Ivoire, Nigeria. Electronic address: toureal@hotmail.com., Nzalawahe J; Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Parasitology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania. Electronic address: nzalawahej@gmail.com., Aboagye-Antwi F; Department of Animal Biology and Conservation Science, School of Biological Sciences, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon-Accra, Ghana. Electronic address: faboagye-antwi@ug.edu.gh., Ogo NI; National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, Plateau State, Nigeria. Electronic address: ogoendy@yahoo.com., Meyer L; Clinvet S.A., Douar Dbabej, Beni Yekhlef B.P 301, CP 28815, Mohammedia, Morocco. Electronic address: leonmeyer8@gmail.com., Jongejan F; Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa. Electronic address: Frans.Jongejan@up.ac.za., Cheikhi IB; Clinvet S.A., Douar Dbabej, Beni Yekhlef B.P 301, CP 28815, Mohammedia, Morocco. Electronic address: imad.bouzaidicheikhi@clinvet.com., Fisher M; Veterinary Research Management Limited, Shernacre Cottage, Lower Howsell Road, Malvern, WR141UX, Worcestershire, United Kingdom. Electronic address: maggie@shernacre.co.uk., Holdsworth P; PAH Consultancy Pty Ltd, 3/27 Gaunson Crescent, Wanniassa, Canberra, ACT, 2903, Australia. Electronic address: peter.paragon60@gmail.com.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	International journal for parasitology. Drugs and drug resistance [Int J Parasitol Drugs Drug Resist] 2024 Aug; Vol. 25, pp. 100541. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 May 06.
DOI:	10.1016/j.ijpddr.2024.100541
Abstrakt:	Through a collaborative effort across six Sub-Saharan African countries, using recognized international assessment techniques, 23 stocks of three tick species (Rhipicephalus microplus, Rhipicephalus appendiculatus and Amblyomma variegatum) of economic importance for rural small holder farming communities from East and West Africa were collected from cattle, and evaluated in in vitro larval packet tests (LPT). The results demonstrated medium to high resistance to chlorfenvinphos and amitraz across species. Rhipicephalus microplus demonstrated high level alpha-cypermethrin and cypermethrin resistance. Stocks of A. variegatum (West Africa) and R. appendiculatus (Uganda) demonstrated medium level ivermectin resistance. The four least susceptible stocks (East and West African R. microplus, A. variegatum and R. appendiculatus) were taken into in vivo controlled cattle studies where fipronil was found effective against West and East African R. microplus isolates although persistent efficacy failed to reach 90%. Cymiazole and cypermethrin, and ivermectin based acaricides were partially effective against R. microplus without persistent efficacy. Flumethrin spray-on killed A. variegatum within 72 h for up to 10 days posttreatment, however product application was directly to tick attachment sites, which may be impractical under field conditions. A flumethrin pour-on formulation on goats provided persistent efficacy against A. variegatum for up to one-month. Therapeutic control was achieved against R. appendiculatus through weekly spraying cattle with flumethrin, amitraz or combined cymiazole and cypermethrin. A fipronil pour-on product offered four-week residual control against R. appendiculatus (with slow onset of action). Few studies have assessed and directly compared acaricidal activity in vitro and in vivo. There was some discordance between efficacy indicated by LPT and in vivo results. This observation calls for more research into accurate and affordable assessment methods for acaricide resistance. No single active or product was effective against all three tick species, emphasising the need for the development of alternative integrated tick management solutions. Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no competing interest. (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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