French guidelines for the diagnosis and management of Tourette syndrome.

Autor: Hartmann A; Centre de référence national maladie rare 'Syndrome Gilles de la Tourette', DMU neurosciences, groupe hospitalier Pitié-Sapêtrière, Sorbonne université, AP-HP, 75013 Paris, France. Electronic address: andreas.hartmann@aphp.fr., Ansquer S; Service de neurologie, CHU de Poitiers, 86021 Poitiers, France., Brefel-Courbon C; Inserm, Department of Neurosciences, Parkinson Toulouse Expert Center, UMR1214, NS-Park/FCRIN Network and NeuroToul COEN center, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France., Burbaud P; Pôle des neurosciences cliniques, service de neurophysiologie clinique de l'enfant et de l'adulte, CHU de Bordeaux, hôpital Pellegrin, Bordeaux, France., Castrioto A; Inserm, U1216, service de neurologie, Grenoble institut neurosciences, CHU de Grenoble-Alpes, université Grenoble-Alpes, 38700 Grenoble, France., Czernecki V; Centre de référence national maladie rare 'Syndrome Gilles de la Tourette', DMU neurosciences, groupe hospitalier Pitié-Sapêtrière, Sorbonne université, AP-HP, 75013 Paris, France., Damier P; Inserm, service de neurologie, CIC 1314, CHU de Nantes, Nantes université, 44093 Nantes, France., Deniau E; Centre de référence national maladie rare 'Syndrome Gilles de la Tourette', DMU neurosciences, groupe hospitalier Pitié-Sapêtrière, Sorbonne université, AP-HP, 75013 Paris, France., Drapier S; Service de neurologie, CHU de Pontchaillou, 35000 Rennes, France., Jalenques I; Service de psychiatrie de l'adulte A et psychologie médicale, centre de compétences Gilles de la Tourette, CNRS, institut Pascal, Clermont Auvergne INP, CHU de Clermont-Ferrand, université Clermont-Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France., Marechal O; Association française pour le syndrome Gilles de la Tourette (AFSGT), 92522 Neuilly-sur-Seine, France., Priou T; Centre de référence national maladie rare 'Syndrome Gilles de la Tourette', DMU neurosciences, groupe hospitalier Pitié-Sapêtrière, Sorbonne université, AP-HP, 75013 Paris, France., Spodenkiewicz M; Service de psychiatrie, CHU de la Réunion, 97410 Saint-Pierre, La Réunion, France., Thobois S; Department of Neurology C, Expert Parkinson Center NS-PARK/FCRIN, hospices civils de Lyon, Pierre Wertheimer Neurological Hospital, Bron, France; CNRS, UMR 5229, Marc-Jeannerod Cognitive Neuroscience Institute, Bron, France; Faculté de médecine et de maïeutique Lyon Sud Charles-Mérieux, université Claude-Bernard Lyon 1, Oullins, France., Roubertie A; Inserm U 1298, service de neuropédiatrie, institut des neurosciences de Montpellier, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France., Witjas T; Department of Neurology and Movement Disorders, Timone University Hospital, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France; Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS), institut de neurosciences de la Timone (INT), Aix-Marseille University, 13005 Marseille, France., Anheim M; Service de neurologie, hôpitaux universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France; Inserm-U964/CNRS-UMR7104, institut de génétique et de biologie moléculaire et cellulaire (IGBMC), université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France; Centre de référence des maladies neurogénétiques rares, Paris, France; Fédération de médecine translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France. Electronic address: mathieu.anheim@chru-strasbourg.fr.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Revue neurologique [Rev Neurol (Paris)] 2024 Oct; Vol. 180 (8), pp. 818-827. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 May 17.
DOI: 10.1016/j.neurol.2024.04.005
Abstrakt: The term "Gilles de la Tourette syndrome", or the more commonly used term "Tourette syndrome" (TS) refers to the association of motor and phonic tics which evolve in a context of variable but frequent psychiatric comorbidity. The syndrome is characterized by the association of several motor tics and at least one phonic tic that have no identifiable cause, are present for at least one year and appear before the age of 18. The presence of coprolalia is not necessary to establish or rule out the diagnosis, as it is present in only 10% of cases. The diagnosis of TS is purely clinical and is based on the symptoms defined by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5). No additional tests are required to confirm the diagnosis of TS. However, to exclude certain differential diagnoses, further tests may be necessary. Very frequently, one or more psychiatric comorbidities are also present, including attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, anxiety, explosive outbursts, self-injurious behaviors, learning disorders or autism spectrum disorder. The condition begins in childhood around 6 or 7 years of age and progresses gradually, with periods of relative waxing and waning of tics. The majority of patients experience improvement by the end of the second decade of life, but symptoms may persist into adulthood in around one-third of patients. The cause of TS is unknown, but genetic susceptibility and certain environmental factors appear to play a role. The treatment of TS and severe forms of tics is often challenging and requires a multidisciplinary approach (involving the general practitioner (GP), pediatrician, psychiatrist, neurologist, school or occupational physicians, psychologist and social workers). In mild forms, education (of young patients, parents and siblings) and psychological management are usually recommended. Medical treatments, including antipsychotics, are essential in the moderate to severe forms of the disease (i.e. when there is a functional and/or psychosocial discomfort linked to tics). Over the past decade, cognitive-behavioral therapies have been validated for the treatment of tics. For certain isolated tics, botulinum toxin injections may also be useful. Psychiatric comorbidities, when present, often require a specific treatment. For very severe forms of TS, treatment by deep brain stimulation offers real therapeutic hope. If tics are suspected and social or functional impairment is significant, specialist advice should be sought, in accordance with the patient's age (psychiatrist/child psychiatrist; neurologist/pediatric neurologist). They will determine tic severity and the presence or absence of comorbidities. The GP will take over the management and prescription of treatment: encouraging treatment compliance, assessing side effects, and combating stigmatization among family and friends. They will also play an important role in rehabilitation therapies, as well as in ensuring that accommodations are made in the patient's schooling or professional environment.
(Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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