Factors associated with differential seropositivity to Leptospira interrogans and Leptospira kirschneri in a high transmission urban setting for leptospirosis in Brazil.

Autor: de Oliveira D; Instituto da Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brasil.; Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Ministério da Saúde, Salvador, Bahia, Brasil., Khalil H; Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden., Almerinda G Palma F; Instituto da Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brasil., Santana R; Instituto da Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brasil., Nery N Jr; Instituto da Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brasil.; Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Ministério da Saúde, Salvador, Bahia, Brasil., C Quintero-Vélez J; Grupo de Ciencias Veterinarias-Centauro, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia.; Grupo de Investigación Microbiología Básica y Aplicada, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia.; Grupo de Epidemiología, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia., Zeppelini CG; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia: Teoria, Aplicações e Valores, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil., Almeida do Sacramento G; Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Ministério da Saúde, Salvador, Bahia, Brasil., Cruz JS; Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Ministério da Saúde, Salvador, Bahia, Brasil., Lustosa R; Instituto da Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brasil., Santana Ferreira I; Instituto da Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brasil., Carvalho-Pereira T; Instituto da Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brasil., Diggle PJ; Centre for Health Informatics, Computing, and Statistics, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom., Wunder EA Jr; Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Ministério da Saúde, Salvador, Bahia, Brasil.; Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America.; Department of Pathobiology and Veterinary Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, United States of America., I Ko A; Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Ministério da Saúde, Salvador, Bahia, Brasil.; Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America., Alzate Lopez Y; Instituto da Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brasil., Begon M; Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom., G Reis M; Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Ministério da Saúde, Salvador, Bahia, Brasil.; Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America.; Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brasil., Costa F; Instituto da Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brasil.; Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Ministério da Saúde, Salvador, Bahia, Brasil.; Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: PLoS neglected tropical diseases [PLoS Negl Trop Dis] 2024 May 17; Vol. 18 (5), pp. e0011292. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 May 17 (Print Publication: 2024).
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011292
Abstrakt: Background: Leptospirosis is a zoonosis caused by pathogenic species of bacteria belonging to the genus Leptospira. Most studies infer the epidemiological patterns of a single serogroup or aggregate all serogroups to estimate overall seropositivity, thus not exploring the risks of exposure to distinct serogroups. The present study aims to delineate the demographic, socioeconomic and environmental factors associated with seropositivity of Leptospira serogroup Icterohaemorraghiae and serogroup Cynopteri in an urban high transmission setting for leptospirosis in Brazil.
Methods/principal Findings: We performed a cross-sectional serological study in five informal urban communities in the city of Salvador, Brazil. During the years 2018, 2020 2021, we recruited 2.808 residents and collected blood samples for serological analysis using microagglutination assays. We used a fixed-effect multinomial logistic regression model to identify risk factors associated with seropositivity for each serogroup. Seropositivity to Cynopteri increased with each year of age (OR 1.03; 95% CI 1.01-1.06) and was higher in those living in houses with unplastered walls (exposed brick) (OR 1.68; 95% CI 1.09-2.59) and where cats were present near the household (OR 2.00; 95% CI 1.03-3.88). Seropositivity to Icterohaemorrhagiae also increased with each year of age (OR 1.02; 95% CI 1.01-1.03) and was higher in males (OR 1.51; 95% CI 1.09-2.10), in those with work-related exposures (OR 1.71; 95% CI 1.10-2.66) or who had contact with sewage (OR 1.42; 95% CI 1.00-2.03). Spatial analysis showed differences in distribution of seropositivity to serogroups Icterohaemorrhagiae and Cynopteri within the five districts where study communities were situated.
Conclusions/significance: Our data suggest distinct epidemiological patterns associated with the Icterohaemorrhagiae and Cynopteri serogroups in the urban environment at high risk for leptospirosis and with differences in spatial niches. We emphasize the need for studies that accurately identify the different pathogenic serogroups that circulate and infect residents of low-income areas.
Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
(Copyright: © 2024 de Oliveira et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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