Investigating the suitability of online flow cytometry for monitoring full-scale drinking water ozone system disinfection effectiveness.

Autor: Dowdell KS; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Michigan, 1353 Beal Ave., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA., Olsen K; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Michigan, 1353 Beal Ave., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA., Martinez Paz EF; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Michigan, 1353 Beal Ave., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA., Sun A; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Michigan, 1353 Beal Ave., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA., Keown J; Ann Arbor Water Treatment Plant, City of Ann Arbor, 919 Sunset Rd., Ann Arbor, MI 48103, USA., Lahr R; Ann Arbor Water Treatment Plant, City of Ann Arbor, 919 Sunset Rd., Ann Arbor, MI 48103, USA., Steglitz B; Ann Arbor Water Treatment Plant, City of Ann Arbor, 919 Sunset Rd., Ann Arbor, MI 48103, USA., Busch A; Great Lakes Water Authority, 9300W. Jefferson Ave, Detroit, MI 48209, USA., LiPuma JJ; Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan Medical School, 8323 MSRB III, SPC5646, 1150W. Med Cntr Dr., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA., Olson T; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Michigan, 1353 Beal Ave., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA., Raskin L; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Michigan, 1353 Beal Ave., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA. Electronic address: raskin@umich.edu.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Water research [Water Res] 2024 Jun 15; Vol. 257, pp. 121702. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Apr 30.
DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121702
Abstrakt: While online monitoring of physicochemical parameters has widely been incorporated into drinking water treatment systems, online microbial monitoring has lagged behind, resulting in the use of surrogate parameters (disinfectant residual, applied dose, concentration × time, CT) to assess disinfection system performance. Online flow cytometry (online FCM) allows for automated quantification of total and intact microbial cells. This study sought to investigate the feasibility of online FCM for full-scale drinking water ozone disinfection system performance monitoring. A water treatment plant with high lime solids turbidity in the ozone contactor influent was selected to evaluate the online FCM in challenging conditions. Total and intact cell counts were monitored for 40 days and compared to surrogate parameters (ozone residual, ozone dose, and CT) and grab sample assay results for cellular adenosine triphosphate (cATP), heterotrophic plate counts (HPC), impedance flow cytometry, and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Online FCM provided insight into the dynamics of the full-scale ozone system, including offering early warning of increased contactor effluent cell concentrations, which was not observed using surrogate measures. Positive correlations were observed between online FCM intact cell counts and cATP levels (Kendall's tau=0.40), HPC (Kendall's tau=0.20), and impedance flow cytometry results (Kendall's tau=0.30). Though a strong correlation between log intact cell removal and CT was not observed, 16S rRNA gene sequencing results showed that passage through the ozone contactor significantly changed the microbial community (p < 0.05). Potential causes of the low overall cell inactivation in the contactor and the significant changes in the microbial community after ozonation include regrowth in the later chambers of the contactor and varied ozone resistance of drinking water microorganisms. This study demonstrates the suitability of direct, online microbial analysis for monitoring full-scale disinfection systems.
Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: Lutgarde Raskin reports supplies were provided by Sysmex America Inc. The other authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
(Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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